An Evaluation Of Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay

An Evaluation Of Mergers And Acquisitions Management auditionIn the modern world, most of the companies try to merge their companion with other guild. there are some advantages and disadvantages in merging. The main advantages are reputation, stigma image can be increase through the merging. The constancy volition be go on simple through merging and this is the competitive advantage, Alcatel bright play along can gain from the merging. The main disadvantage in merging is baby finale conflicts and this case study is about Alcatel lambent merger. Alcatel bright is champion of the leading companies in mobile, fixed, Optics technologies and a pi sensationer in applications and services (Alcatel bright, 2011). fit in to the merging procedure, Alcatel lucent merger faced bumble floriculture conflicts from France and U.S. Still, the society tries to control the culture conflicts in the organization. This report mainly describes the conditions and negotiation factors, ind ustry changes after merger and the outside(a) challenges of Alcatel bright.1. The conditions and negotiation factors pushed forth the merger in 2006 that were not present in 2001 consort to the case, in 2006 two companies come up with new conditions and negotiation factors. Mainly, France shareholders, they gave their approval to merge Alcatel go with and ag downhearted(predicate) bon ton. Alcatels chief executive Mr. Techuruk encouraged 1500 shareholders in Paris by mentioning Alcatel Lucent is truly global and has no equivalent today and wont in future. He likewise agreed to pay 10.6 one thousand million euro for Lucent beau monde to merge Alcatel and Lucent companies as Alcatel Lucent. The stock swap was valued at one Alcatel American depository share for every five Lucent shares. Both companies agreed to publish English as the official vocabulary of the Alcatel Lucent. after shooting above conditions and factors, both company shareholders gave their approval to merge A lcatel Lucent as one company. They in like manner decided to deal with both pre-merger and post-merger desegregation issues such as salaries, benefits, designations and other structural maters by holding a series of meetings amid the top HR executives at the devil companies.2. unify companyA merged company which means the combination of twain companies where one corporation is completely absorbed by another corporation. After the merging procedure, both companies strike to do trading as one company. As a progeny of that, they should invent new identities for the company. They couldnt use their wear out identities for the military control. Any company, they couldnt merge with another company without the approval of shareholders. Negotiation to a fault very important for merged companies. Negotiation is the process of discussion by which two or more parties aim to reach a in return acceptable agreement (Strategic International Management, 2011). There are five stages inclu de in the negotiation process. Those stages are preparation, relationship building, exchanging task related information, mentation and concessions and agreement. Mainly, any organization, they wants to fol woeful this negotiation process when they planning to merge their company with another company.Alcatel is a company which produce the communication equipments for their customers and Lucent company, they provides telecommunication services to their customers. After merging these two companies, their industries commence simple. As Alcatel Lucent, they did their sales of $25 billion. They too produced many an(prenominal) telecommunication products such as piano tuner equipments, wire line equipments, wireless infrastructures, internet routers, equipment for carrying calls over the internet, etc. The disconfirming side of the industry is company loss $7 billion since the merger. In profit to that, Alcatel Lucent around 16500 jobs since merger. As the advantages of the industr y, for the fourth quarter 2006, the company posts adjusted pro-forma revenues of Euro 4,421 million and operating profits of Euro 21 million. The company describe Euro 18,254 million adjusted pro-forma and operation profit of Euro 1,025 million for the full yr 2006. On 31st December 2006, their total cash and marketable securities was Euro 6.7 billion leaving a net cash position of Euro 508 million.3. Evaluation of the tittle-tattle that the merger is a giant transatlantic experiment in multicultural diversity.When Lucents merger with Frances Alcatel, Russo became CEO of the have Company and Tchuruk became chairman. According to the American culture terms, that means Russo runs the company. But, in the cut culture terms, the chairman is the boss. In addition to that, Americans and French have very different ideas about what to do when a company is in crisis. The American preference is to right-size the billet, a euphemism for cutting jobs and large(p) tolls. In French, their preference is to protect the jobs by looking for assistance from a friendly government. According to the above situation, Alcatel Lucent have to face difficulties because the two nationalities are trying to protect the jobs of their compatriots. Mainly, the French and the Americans have different business cultures. Their business patterns are completely different. In Alcatel Lucent, both American and French cultures affect for the decision making process in the company. Alcatel Lucent have to look a solution to solve the culture conflicts in the organization.According to the case, there is an evidence that the company has run into cross-cultural problems since the merger took side in 2006. The evidence is, in July 2008, the Alcatel Lucent CEO Patricia Russo resigned by mentioning she tilt work with her fellow lineup member Serge Tchuruk. As a result of that, Mr. Serge Tchuruk also resigned from his job. Mainly, these cross cultural problems occurred because the overall leadersh ip of the company had been pass on to the target company.4. The international challenges that Alcatel-Lucent faces as it moves forward as a combined companyLow cost competition from new Chinese rivalsThere are many Chinese competitors in the industry. Those competitors mainly affects the Alcatel Lucents business. In China, their fag cost is very low comparing to the France or USA. As a result of that, the product cost in china is very low and it affects with the Alcatel Lucents product price. Most of the customers, they always try to buy cheap products from the market. Alcatel Lucent company, still they couldnt earn enough profit from their industry. They do their business as low profit, low growth company. For example, Alcatel Lucents main Chinese competitors are ZTE and Huawei. Their cost structures are more favorable than Alcatel Lucent Company.Technology changesTechnology changes also very important for Alcatel Lucent Company. The technology is always getting improving. As a r esult of that, many companies tries to add new features to their equipments. As an international company, Alcatel Lucent also wants to consider these technological changes when they do their production process. Sometimes, Alcatel Lucent company have to spend more money to get in style(p) technology for their products. Alcatel Lucent is the only Western Company to offer or develop products for all wireless technologies (GSM, UMTS/HSPA, LTE, CDMA2000, WiMAX).Transformation to digital economiesOn seventh of September in 2007, Alcatel Lucent and Nextgen Networks bringed their broadband business in Australia. Nextgen Networks sustains and operates Australias triplet fibre network. This is the first Australian and Asia Pacific first with the de die hardry of work 100 gigabits speed. When Alcatel Lucent entering to the digital economies such as Australia, the company have to transfer of over 100,000 mp3 files in 60 seconds or the live streaming of over 15,000 HDTV channels parallel. M ainly, the company should improve their optical and IP technologies to do the above process successfully. Alcatel Lucent have to find some cost effective strategies when they do their fast broadband business in Australia. They also have to increase network capacity and reign quality of service to meet new customer demands in Australia. artless InclusionAccording to the rural inclusion, Alcatel Lucent Company have to pad their business all over the world. When they planning to start their business in a rural area, the company have to arrange the background to start business over there. Mainly, the company have to built partnership with topical anesthetic companies to create high added value services. The company also have to consider the local population in those areas when they start business internationally.Cross last ConflictsAccording to the case, there were some changes in management team and board of directors in Alcatel Lucent company. CEO, Pat Russo resigned from her jo b in July 2008. Non executive chairman, Serge Tchuruk also resigned from his job. Pat Russo clearly mentioned that she cannot work with Serge Tchuruk. At that time, there were many disagreements between Russo and Serge in the company. Still, both U.S and France cultures affects on Alcatel Lucents business. Alcatel Lucent as a international company, they have to start their business in various countries. Mainly, they have to launch cultural changes inside the company according to the country to country. For example, If Alcatel Lucent starts their business in Dubai, they have to get new employees from Dubai and they have to design their marketing according to the culture of the country.5. ConclusionAfter merging Alcatel and Lucent Companies, their industries become one industry. The Alcatel Lucent merger provides many equipment and telecommunication categories to the customers. The company invented many new equipments for the customers after merging. Before the merger, both Alcatel and Lucent companies, they did their business separately. As a France company, Alcatel had their own business culture and Lucent company had own business culture as U.S company. As a result of that, both U.S and France cultures affects on Alcatel Lucent merger. The merger has many problems under cross culture conflicts. The Company lose their previous CEO and Non executive chairman because of cross culture conflicts. These cultural conflicts mainly affects on Alcatel Lucents business.In Alcatel Lucent, they have a huge competition from China. Their main competitors are ZTE and Huawei. The product price of Alcatel Lucent is very higher comparing to the Chinese competitors. Mainly, Alcatel Lucent should have to fulfill new strategies to reduce the product cost. Most of the customers try to buy low cost products from Chinese Companies. As a result of that, Alcatel Lucent company will lose profits from their industry. In addition to that, the company also should have to consider techn ological changes, transformation to digital economies and rural inclusion when they do business internationally.

Role of Solar Energy for Sustainability

fibre of solar Energy for SustainabilityEnvironmental SustainabilityIntroductionThis paper is based on the milieual sustainability and the role of solar might in environmental sustainability. Maintaining the qualities such as human life, clean piddle and suitable climate that be valued in the atmosphere is termed as environmental sustainability. There atomic number 18 heterogeneous re fountains and factors, which contribute directly or indirectly in maintaining the fibre of environment. The various aspects of environment that produce renewable re man-made lakes are water, solar zilch and timber. In this present scenario, well-nigh people want to maintain the capabilities inborn in the natural environment to sustain the conditions of living and the beauty of environment (What is Environmental Sustainability, 2006).Thesis Statement Eminent role of solar vital force towards the establishment of environmental sustainability.ArgumentSolar skill plays a operative role in s ustaining the environment, as it is the most valuable and environmental genial source of energy. It is the workout of radiant energy from the sunshine. Solar distillation and disinfection are the most common techniques used for the purpose of producing potable water. It also supplies energy for cooking, drying and pasteurization. Solar energy is an effective technique, which maintains the quality of environment by contrasting mechanisms such as solar caloric, solar lightening, agriculture horticulture and architecture urban planning. It uses secondary sources of energy along with solar radiation such as wind and wave power, bio atomic pile and hydroelectricity, which produce renewable energy (Environmental Sustainability, 2008). Thermal mass is primarily used for the purpose of conserving the passion of the sun. It is the increasely used source of energy generation because of its economic feasibility. A founder from this, solar energy has various receiptss such as it is envir onmental hail-fellow-well-met and more easily tender technique in comparison to otherwise techniques of energy generation. It provides various technologies for heat generation and collection, which proves its importance in environmental sustainability (What is Solar Energy, 2005).Support to the creaseSolar energy is the most effective source of producning energy and plays an cardinal role in environmental sustaining. This can be explained by the abet of five elementsEconomoicall feasibility It is a more feasible economic source in copmrison to other sources of energy producing, as it is cost effective(in the case of greenhouse) and technologically innovational( in the case of solar lighting ).Environmental friendly It is an envrinmental friendly source as most of the solar electricirty generated vehicles produce no emissions. In this way, they are non pollutant and risk-free for the people.Non cosumptive source The radiation of sun is a unfathomable resource of energy, so it does non posit any destrucive process, which is another advantage of this technique.Security and distribution The bells of solar electricity, which is produced through photovaltaic cells does not flactuate with the supply pattrens, so it is the best source of energy generation. The distribution cost is less in case of solar electricity, which is produced by the technology of solar energy. This is another ordained approach of use solar enegry in environmental sustainability.Save energy and other resources Solar energy also advocates the people in preservation energy and other valuabl resources by solar lighting and thermal mass. Thus, it helps in maintaining environmental sustainability.Apart from the above mentioned elements, many other arguments favoring it describe that solar energy is the vital source of producing energy for millions of people through the utilization of different technologies. Solar technologies are widely used in sidereal twenty-four hour period to d ay practices and also offer various benefits, which in turn suffice in sustaining the environment.Architecture and urban planning Solar energy assists the architectures in designing of building, as it includes many aspects such as thermal mass, shading and sun orientation. Apart from this, it is also helpful in effective urban planning (Vlek Steg, 2007).Solar lighting Solar energy implements the pattern of day lighting in the interiors of many buildings, which reduces the need for maudlin lighting. Hybrid solar lighting is another concept, which is used to provide illumination./aSource New York quantifyHeating cooling and ventilation Solar energy reduces the use of artificial orders involved in high temperature, cooling and ventilation by implementing the use of thermal mass. Solar chimneys are increasingly used to offset the significant part of energy used by other systems.Solar disinfection and distillation Solar disinfection is used to produce water purifier and consider ed to be as the viable and safe source of household treatment. Solar distillation is the mechanism of producing potable water from the saline water through the help of solar energy and is considered the most economical source of producing water (Stipanuk, 2006).Agriculture and horticulture Solar energy technologies assist in growing fruit walls and vegetables in an effective manner by development the solar energy. The concept of greenhouse is also used increasingly as it saves the solar heat.Water heating This system is used to heat water by using sunlight and considerd as an effective method as it is an eco-friendly system.Counter ArgumentSolar energy offers various advantages of using it at broad level but in that location are about limitations of using it, which reject the concept of using solar energy in the energy production.Expensive source Solar energy is useful when the sun shines but in the course of night these expensive solar equipemnts are useless. It is the drawback of using the solar energy for generating electricity and heat.Location It is another disfavour of using solar nergy in electricity generation, as solar equipements require large areas for installation, hence if the area is limited, it will create problems (Disadvantages of Solar Energy, 2008).Dilution As solar energy is diluted, it requires a lot of solar collectors for the purpose of storing solar energy effectively. Solar collectors are expensive and need a sarcoid mainatanance for proper functioning. So, the return on investment is also maximum in comprison to other resources, which generate electricity for environmental sustainability.So these are the disadvantages of using solar energy in generating electricity and these forms the basis of not using it as the source of energy, as in the shortage of energy resources, it becomes price competitive source in comparison to other sourecs (Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy, 2008). polishOn the basis of above discussion o n the role of solar energy in environmantal sustainability, it is concluded that it is worthy enough to implement the concept of solar energy in electricity generation. Solar energy is an authoritative source of electricity generation, as it saves the cost included in other sources of electricity generation. It is an evironmental friendly technique, as the solar vehicles are eco-friendly and do not emmit pollutant substances in the atmosphere. It is also an economically viable source, as it uses technological advanced insturments in electricity generation. It is also an cost effective source, as there is no distribution cost involved in its distribution. Water heating through the use of solar energy teachnology is also an effective method because it saves the environment from pollution. All of these statements with regard to solar energy prove its increasing use in present scenario. Hence, solar enegry is useful in environmental sustainability in an effective manner.ReferencesAdvant ages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy. (2008). Retrieved July 25, 2008 http//www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-solar-energy.htmlDisadvantages of Solar Energy. (2008). Retrieved July 25, 2008 from http//www.clean-energy-ideas.com/articles/disadvantages_of_solar_energy.htmlEnvironmental Sustainability. (2008). Retrieved July 25, 2008 from http//www.cgg.wa.gov.au/Council/Consultation/Plan_for_the_Future/Environmental_Sustainability.aspStipanuk, D.M. (2006). Hospitility Facilities Managemnet And jut (3rd edition). Texas Culinary and Hospitality Industry Publications Services.Vlek, C. Steg, L. (2007). Human Behavior and Environmental Sustainability. regular army Blackwell Publishing.What is Environmental Sustainability. (2006). Retrieved July 25, 2008 from http//www.ces.vic.gov.au/CES/wcmn301.nsf/childdocs/-441BB07721D61152CA256F250028C5FB?openWhat is Solar Energy. (2005). Retrieved July 25, 2008 from http//www.prometheus.org/research/whatissolar

Increase in cigarette tax would reduce the cigarette consumption

Increase in cig bette measure would reduce the faggot white plague5.0 IntroductionThe results of our abbreviation demonstrate that annex in cig bette impose would reduce the laughingstock drug dependence or renounce green goddess among abase income grassrs and heavily addicted smokers, thus it upheld the hypotheses quartette and five. However, the r up to nowue enhancement factor does non prove to be epoch entirelyy connect on younger smokers, fe anthropoid smokers and less educated smokers. Chapter 5 take ons a summary description of descriptive and inferential analyses and discussion of major findings that sustain our inquiry objective and hypotheses. Next character proposes the implications of our flying field toward the society. Fol wiped out(p)ing section volition discuss several confinements that atomic number 18 apparent during the progress of the tuition, as well as to provide some rememberations for emerging look. Then, an overall result of our entire national is presented at the end of this chapter.5.1 Summary of Statistical synopsisThe demographic profiles of respondents are analyzed when the data are collected. Smokers are categorised by contrasting races, gender, dope degree, fosterage and age and the data is presented in pie charts. Besides, the central meltencies statistic of the proteans is alike calculated in the digest. Cross tabulation tables are presented to show rejoinders of each subgroup.Statistical method handlingd in the inferential analysis is multinomial logistic regression. This statistical method presented the predictability relationship amid the dependent and independent variables in the form of odd ratio i.e. Exp(B). When the signifi lowlifet train is less than 0.05, the alternative scheme is accepted. In this investigate, alternative hypothesis for age, gender, and information level are rejected as these factor do non feign the likelihood of the responses towards fagot reven ue. The alternative hypothesis for fastball degree and income level are accepted as the signifi crowd outt level is less than 0.05. Therefore, consume degree and income level are much credibly to predict a certain type of responses from the smokers.Multivariate analysis is in any case performed by inputting all independent variables as covariate factors in the SPSS program. Multivariate analysis is to ensure the relationship is not signifi erecttly affected by separate independent variables.5.2 Discussion of Major FindingTable 5.1 Summary of the inferential Analysiss ResultsHypothesisResultH1 Younger smokers are to a greater extent possible to quit smoking than overageder smokers granted rear end taskation augment.RejectedH2 manful smokers are to a greater extent likely to go no response to tooshie evaluate outgrowth than pistillate smokers.RejectedH3 Highly educated smokers are more likely to quit smoking than less educated smokers given rear tax increase.Reje ctedH4 raze income smokers are more likely to chop down apostrophize than high income smokers given tail tax increase. evaluateH5 Heavy smokers are more likely to give no response to cigarettes tax increase than light smokers.AcceptedSource Developed for the researchAccording to rational addiction theory in terms of the variable age, rational young smokers should be more likely to quit smoking given that their longer life-time remaining compared to older smokers and their comparatively lower income. Younger smokers who business acquiter develop lung cancer right now would make believe much more (time) compared to an 80 years old smoker with lung cancer. Our data-based research does not confirmed this because we had shown that younger smokers are not more likely to quit/cut smoking than adult smokers. Past studies by Lewit and Coate (1982) and Sylvain (2007) also contradicted the result we had. The possible agent leading to this result might include the small number of y oung smokers in our sample. The alternative comment is that since we perform our data collection in urban areas, young smokers tend to be more affluent, therefore they are not affected by increase in tax. Interestingly, Decicca, Kenkel and Mathios (2008) stated that since most smoking initiation starts during offspring, therefore, the alive young smokers who quit/cut smoking due to taxes could be higher.The study also finds that gender is not a factor in cast the decision to cut/quit smoking given cigarette tax increase. However, rational addiction theory predicts female is more likely to cut down cigarette breathing in due to traditionally being poorer than male. This contradiction in terms happened because, we suspect, the income gap between the genders is fast closing. Therefore, any tax increase give not significantly create any reduced role of cigarettes among the women. Our finding is in line with the mixed results of previous literature. Chaloupka (1990) discovered tha t men are more likely to quit/cut smoking while Stehr (2007) launch that women are more likely to quit/cut smoking.We find that education has little impact on the decision of smokers in response to cigarette tax increase. According to rational addiction theory, smokers with less education take in much live than super educated smokers for smoking because they generate chiefly lower income. Our findings did not support rational addiction theory. Previous research by Madden (2007) partly supported our finding, he found that highly educated smokers are less responsive to cigarette tax. However, Tansels (1993) findings in joker (a middle income country) partly supported our conclusion. He found a constructive and significant relationship between education and cigarette tax ginger snap meaning that the higher the education, the higher the sensitivity towards cigarette tax a smoker result be. The reason behind is that highly educated smokers also tend to cut down smoking when taxe d are raised, not because of the notes issue, but because they are fearful of the wellness consequences. They take up utilized the tax increase as the opportunity to go cold turkey. Therefore, when both higher education and lower education smokers retrieve to smoke less, none is more likely than the other.Lower income smokers are more likely to cut salute than richer smokers because the monetary value of continuing the habit of smoking is higher. Each RM increase in cigarette price will affect their quality of life, even creating shortages of bills for childrens education, food and other daily expenses compounded to the future. This result conforms to previous research do by Biener et al. (1998) which says that poor smokers are 3 times as likely to either switch to cheaper brands of cigarettes or reduce consumption. Townsend et al. (1994) findings also brings by similar conclusion.As expected, argillaceous smokers are more likely to give no response towards cigarettes tax increase than light smokers. Adjacent complementarity explains that deep down a certain time frame, the more a smoker smokes now, the more he would like to smoke in the future. Unless the pain of higher cigarette price is more than the pain of giving up the smoking addiction, smokers will tend to continue to smoke in the future. Previous research done by Lee (2008) does not conform to our findings. Lee et al. (2004) whose result shows that heavy smokers increase smoking consumption when tax is increased supported our result.Overall, the name that Biener et al. (1998) produced matches our results almost entirely. Other studies that contradict our result normally utilized study cigarette sales data. Therefore, their studies are not entirely comparable to our individualist look back-based study.5.3 Implications of the StudyWhether cigarette tax coreively achieves the governments goal in simplification cigarette consumption is a significant issue that guides to be carefully consi dered from time to time in order to better determine the direction of future policies. Hence, identifying the effect of tax increases on cigarette consumption is an essential part for regulating proper governmental policies on the baccy use. Generally, the progressive increase in cigarette tax rates whitethorn provide a powerful contribution toward the governments taxation constitution which would make headway the governments income tax revenue, as well as to improve economic efficiency of the country. In our study, we found that highly addicted and high income smokers do not respond to cigarette tax well. They still purchase same bar of cigarettes. Therefore, government should devise a method of targeting cigarette taxes towards these groups of smokers to maximize tax revenue. According to Tsai et al. (2003), portions of extra revenue which was derived from the cigarette tax would be earmarked to the governments parkway for implementing tobacco control program against the tob acco use such as anti-smoking media-campaigns. Still, other portion of the cigarette tax revenues would dedicate into funding healthcare for under-insured population, lung cancer research and other health related activities.aside from that, our study also contributes to humanity health by identifying that education does not hunt down a significant role in diminution consumption of cigarette due to taxes. This implies that our education system is not emphasizing the danger and health hazard of smoking. This, however, agrees with the rational addiction theory because highly educated large number are likely to be wealthy. Therefore, they do not survive as much because of tax increase. In contrast, wealthy people also suffer more because of health problems because they hire much to enjoy in life (holidays, entertainment, longer life etc.) compared to low income smokers. Therefore, in devising a populace health policy, our study implies that we should educate people on the danger of smoking while at the same time increasing cigarette tax so that in the end, the rich and the poor both smoke less.During the care for of conceptual foundation, our research has contributed extensive amount of empiric attest that have reviewed the relationships between various demographic and smoking degree factors and the response to cigarette tax increase. Through our study, we can better understand the effects of taxation on cigarette consumption which will result in different consumption patterns. For instance, smokers whitethorn cut cost either by reducing the number of cigarette they smoke or change to a cheaper brand, accept to quit smoking, or maintain their original level of consumption. According to the unsounded law of economics which specified that as the price of a carrefour rises, the quantity call fored for that product would fall. However, we found that there is an exception to this most staple law of economics because of the nature of rational addiction. S ince we viewed the cigarettes smoking as an habit-forming behaviour, therefore it could be expected that increasing cigarette tax would have smaller effect than normal product in reducing peoples consumption of cigarettes. Alternatively, increasing cigarette taxes too high and the government would risk creating a black market or the emergent of contraband cigarette.5.4 boundarys of the StudyLimitation of this survey-based research is that smokers whitethorn not al ways do what they say they would do in the questionnaire. They whitethorn choose to response quit smoking, cut cost in the questionnaire but may act to smoke succeeding(prenominal) week, next month or some other dates. On the other hand, they may answer no response to cigarette tax but choose to quit smoking the next day. However, they are not necessarily been coition lies. It is just that future behavior is hard to predict even for smokers themselves oddly those who are highly addicted to cigarettes. Warner (1978) h ad showed that self-reported consumption in questionnaire significantly carp at the actual sales data taken at the national level.Apart from that, the small numbers of samples of young smokers age 11 and below may not be sufficient to produce any strong evidence for that age group. The reason for such low numbers is that it is illegal for them to smoke in Malaysia. Besides, retailers are not permitted to sell cigarettes to minors age 18 and below. Besides, comparably smaller numbers of female smokers compared to male smokers may have distorted the results. Female smokers are historically and nationally lower than male smokers. Therefore, each female smokers responses to cigarettes tax have larger impact per someone to the end result as compared to individual male smoker.Wasserman, Manning, Newhouse and Winkler (1991) had observed that apply individual level data may incorporate ecological diverge into the study. There may be other variables affecting the tobacco use that are not incorporated into the determinant. Example might include, family size, social statuses of smokers and job (e.g. doctors may possibly smoke less). Another example would be the foundation of societal culture that disapproves the habit of smoking.The respondent going through the survey questionnaire cannot choose to answer the questionnaire in any other way than was include in the choices of answers. The smoker only can fill in their answer according to the objective answers focalise by the researcher beforehand and all the answer categories are based on nominal or ordinal. If the questionnaire is inquire about question such as how would you response to a RM1 increase in cigarette price and the respondent wish to answer that he would quit for 1 month and only continue smoking if his income has increase accordingly, it is not possible. These will result in in close result as the researcher has already set the chooseable answers, namely to quit smoking, acute cost and choose not to respond.Another limitation of the research is that it does not consider shameful cigarettes and cigarettes sold in tax free zone. Tsai et al. (2003) and Lee and subgenus Chen (2006) had proved in their studies that smokers tend to purchased smuggled cigarettes to avoid the high cost of legal cigarettes in Taiwan. Respondent who purchase tax-exempted cigarettes from these two sources may not be hurt by the tax and therefore our result will be biased towards No Response. muchover, although we do that the main effect of arise price of cigarette due to tax would reduce smokers cigarette consumption but we do not know whether it is cigarette tax that has very play an important role on the demand of cigarette. Perhaps the reason for reducing cigarette consumption may be due to some issues other than taxation policy such as concern over the health consequences of cigarette smoking since they know that smoking will lead to lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, etc. Another issue that cou ld influence on the demand of cigarette may be the tobacco control policy, for example publicizing restrictions or ban on smoking in public places, as well as anti-smoking media campaigns could induce smokers to quit/cut smoking as well. Besides that, law policy also plays a major effect on cigarette consumption which limit smoking in public place and restrictions on youth under 18 years old to purchase the tobacco products. Since there are a lot of other issues than taxation in affecting their smoking behaviour, therefore it is recommended that future research in those issues need to be conducted to verify its actual effects.The final limitation of our study is that we seek our respondent mainly in the Klang Valley area. Therefore, it may not unfeignedly represent the whole population in Malaysia. We know that Klang Valley populations are urban dwellers and the result may deviate a little if we include smokers from country-bred areas. Urban dwellers normally had higher education level and higher income level compared to non-urban dwellers. However, since majority of the smokers live in the city and most of the tax revenue collected comes from them, it is acceptable to neglect smokers from rural areas.All limitations are ac familiarityd but they do not take out from the significance of finding but merely provides platforms for future research.5.5 Recommendations for upcoming questionAs we use cross-sectional method in our research, we highly recommend future research on this topic conducted in the longitudinal method. Future researchers can conduct the research on the change of cigarette tax in Malaysia in the time period of few years or longer. It is similar to the way conducted by Hamilton, Levinton, Pierre, Grimard (1997) and Hanewinkel and Isensee (2007) in their studies. Based on our knowledge and finding, Malaysia has not conducted the research on this topic by this method. By conducting the study in longitudinal method, the result will be more a ccurate and reliable because this method can overcome the limitation of cross-sectional method as discussed in the first paragraph of limitation. Actually, there are even little research on the topic cigarette taxes itself in Malaysia. More research on this topic is highly recommended because the consumption behavior of Malaysian smokers may be different from overseas smokers.Many researches on the cigarette consumption were focused either on the effect of cigarette tax/price to the cigarette consumption such as Lee (2008) or the effect of anti-smoking campaign/health information on the cigarette consumption such as Warner (1977) and Lee and Chen (2008). Future researchers should find ways to integrate and study both the effect of cigarette tax and anti-smoking campaigns in concert on the cigarette consumption. This is because cigarette tax and health information do affect the cigarette consumption at the same time. The only variance between them is whether price or health informat ion plays in a bigger role on the change of cigarette consumption. By studying the effect of cigarette tax and health information together on the cigarette consumption, the result can be more reliable and usable for government to implement its tobacco policy potently and efficiently.Besides that, researchers can examine the fairness principle on the tobacco policy in Malaysia. Many researchers such Gospodinov and Ian Irvine (2009)) and Warner et al. (1995) had discussed the issues of fairness principle in the tobacco policy in their studies. One of the arguments is the tax enforce is unfair to lower income group. Lower income group often will consume lower priced or smuggled cigarettes when cigarette tax is increased as proved by Evans and Farrelly (1998), Farrelly, Nimsch, Hyland and cummings (2004), and Tsai et al. (2003). Often, lower priced or smuggled cigarettes contain higher tar and nicotine substance. The consumers health will be more affected by smoking these types of cig arettes. Moreover, future research can focus on whether tax should be imposed based on the quantity of nicotine and tar instead of quantity of cigarette in Malaysia. The impacts of implementing tax based on quantity of nicotine and tar need to be researched and determined.Youth is the most valuable assets for the country. Future research can focus on the access of youth to cigarette or image to smoking environment/ habits in Malaysia. This type of research can provide important data and information to our country and the world since the younger contemporaries of smokers has increased many folds throughout the world during the past century. More effective tobacco control program to the youth can be utilize based on the data and information. In addition, future research can focus on what is the optimal tax rate for cigarette in Malaysia and its impacts.5.6 ConclusionSmoking has been a prevalent epidemic in the innovational world. It remains one of the top killers of human on the 2 1st century. Fortunately, fret taxes on cigarettes continue to be our last line of defense against smoking and many countries including Malaysia has been increasing taxes on cigarettes for many years. In the beginning of our research, we had set out to answer the questions. We want to know given the socio-economic factors and addictions degree, whether it will affect the likely responses of fellow smokers following a significant increase in cigarettes tax.The principles of rational addiction theory predict that lower income, younger, low education, female and lightly addicted smokers are more likely to respond towards cutting down on smoking consumption and quitting altogether given a tax increase. Conducting a self-administered questionnaire survey in Klang survey with samples of 300 smokers, we have found out the following results. Gender, education and age do not affect the likely responses of fellow smokers. The reasons might be caused by comparatively small samples, closing ga ps of income between genders and tendency of highly educated smokers to cut down smoking due to health reasons. However, research found that low income smokers are more likely to cut cost. Highly addicted smokers are more likely to maintain same level of consumption. Both income and addiction factors is accurately predicted by the theory and previous research.Our research has wide implications. They include helping government devise better taxation policy, public health policy and smoking awareness campaigns. Besides, we have also contributed significant empirical data towards rational addiction theory. Limitations of this research includes incongruence between smokers follow outs and smokers intended action and ecological bias. Small samples for certain age group and the availability of smuggled cigarettes are among the limitations. Therefore, we highly recommend that future longitudinal research on cigarette taxation be conducted in Malaysia. Besides, research on the first deriv ative effect of taxation vs. anti-smoking campaign, fairness of cigarette taxation and access of youth towards cigarette can be conducted to supplement this research area.Overall, our research has been a success. Although the hardship we have encountered during the data collection process and data analysis process is painful, it is worth it and has paid off to the team. We hope that the result that we had produced is truly helpful to other researchers as well as to the society as a whole.

Challenges faced by modern human resource management

disputes faced by modern homosexual alternative directionNolan et al., (2007) mentioned that ball-shapedization has drastically altered the business environment by means of the fall of national borders and the rise of multinational organizations. Through this environment global competition has intensified, new commercializes admit emerged and the flow of world(prenominal) labour party has increase (Friedman, 2006). According to Watson (2007) in the near future, liberalisation is judge to continue along with standardisation of business language, processes and regulations. Coupled with technological advancements associated with increasing rapidity to market forget continue to shift the basis of competitive advantage towards yeasty and innovative practices (Florida, 2002).Today, it would be difficult for any organization to achieve and get effectiveness without having an efficient Human Resource Management programs and activities. Both organizations and separate ar facin g with increasing rates of changing coupled with main(prenominal) global and competitive market environments which led to new challenges .According to Iversen (2000) changes in litigate force demography, technology and former(a) environmental aspects are creating the posit for new structures and heed practices, which contribute to organisational committal and flexibilityLastly, as the importance of organizational effectiveness is within an international context, it is imperative to investigate the challenges facing human resource management within a global rescue. objet dart these challenges endure not only because of globalization, but similarly due to technology and telecom advances, deregulation, diversity and other manpower changes, as well as trends in the nature of make up and legal issues (Dessler, 2000).Current ChallengesThe increase of independent histrion and self utilisationNowadays, great deal tend to confine to a greater extent than immunity in footi ng of whether to work or not, depending on their particular circumstances, than forever before. In addition, more people are choosing to work on a freelance, contract basic or to work part- period. They have more choices with regards to who they work for, the kind of work they do and for how long they are prepared to work. With this portfolio works also reduces a persons dependency on an various(prenominal) employer and creates a workforce more able and predisposed to shape its put one over in passages and life- mstyles. Hence, people are able to exercise greater control over levels of discretionary motion and are go forthing to engage in negotiations over what has become cognize as the psychological contract (Hiltrop, 1996 Castells, 2000).Balancing Work-lifeBalancing work and life assumes relevance when some(prenominal) husband and wife are employed. Travails of a running(a) housewife are more than a working husband, thus balancing it is becoming a major challenges. So there is a need of a programme which is capable of balancing work-life and is supposed to include a childcare at or near the workplace, job sharing, care for beep children and employees, on-site summer camp, training supervisors to respond to work and family needs of employees, bendable work scheduling, sick leave policies, variety of errands from dry cleaning, dropping children at schools, making dinner reservations etc and many more like the same or other.Motivational ApproachesWorkplace motivation is an important aspect as it influences people to do things which help to achieve organizational goals. For instance, in order for an single(a) to be actuate to complete organizational task effectively, their needs essential be satisfied and met. Due to each individual may have contrastive needs so different motivational tools must be utilized by the organization in order to encourage their employees to draw up in the needed effort thus increase productivity for the company. ece sis survival and success are measured by the contribution from motivated employees in much(prenominal) a competitive market environments and changing workplace. fundamentally job characteristics, working environment and appropriate organizational strengthener trunk are the factor of motivation. Therefore the strongest motivational factors which can influence both job satisfaction and employee motivation are through a reward system wihch leave behind meets the job satisfaction by making the employee more comfortable and contented as a ending of the rewards received.Changing work force DynamicsNormally, physical relocation is awaitd and with the increasing identification enumerate of dual- passage professionals leave alone limits individual flexibility in accepting such assignments and as a result may choke up number of dual-career professionals. With that limitation in individual flexibility in accepting such assignments may also hinder organizational flexibility in acquir ing and developing talent. Some demographic changes in the workforce having their own implications to the HR managers areIncreasing number of working mothersa steady decline of blue-collar employees who are adult way to white-collar employeesIncreasing awareness education among workersChanges in the out-of-door regulation of employmentThe mis utilise of power by managers in areas such as hiring and firing, promotion and payment has been reduced by developments of legislation that make it greater rights to employees and create new responsibilities for employers. Important examples of this trend are to be found in the areas of race, gender and age discrimination, employment protection, the treatment of meaning(a) women and trade union membership. One extreme example of the influence of the uprightness on employment decisions can be found in the new-made case in which the Swiss giant Nestle was ordered by a French court to reopen a loss-making plant, employing 427 workers, which had been closed in June 2005 (Evans-Pritchard, 2005). Despite sustained losses over several years, and a commitment either to find the employees jobs in other parts of France or to walk an early retirement package, the judge ordered the company to restart end product and re-employ the workers. This decision was described by Nestle as unbelievable and unprecedented. While such extreme cases of legal intervention in business and employment are rare, the trend within the European Union to limit managements freedom to take rational business decisions where these threaten the legitimate interests of employees is increasing.Changed Employee ExpectationsNowadays, employees demand authorization and expect equality with the management. Krafft and Mahtrala (2010), states that it is only through true empowerment that mental faculty will really contribute to the changing needs of a business, since they will then be doing things because they understand them and for the right reasons, thinkin g and reflecting on the changes and their plausibly impact, and above all feeling at ease with the implementation of change.Outsourcing HR ActivitiesThe trends towards outsourcing have been ca employ by several strategic and operational motives. Outsourcing has also been used to help reduce bureaucracy and to encourage a more antiphonary culture by introducing external market forces into the firm through the biding process. It is a big challenge before the HR manager to prove that his/her incision is as important as any other functions in the organization. The relevance of HR is at stack.The challenges and replacement of physical power and manual skills by the power of k nowadaysledge, creativity and intellectual capitalcognition-based industries are becoming more important together with the rise of the number of knowledge workers is creating a different kind of labour force, which has different requirements and expectations of work, and different expectations of how it will be m anaged. Knowledge workers can be seen to be different from other professional groups because, different those who draw upon a distinctive body of knowledge and work from this, the knowledge worker works with knowledge not only their own, but that generated and used by others, generated through such mechanisms as communities of practice and professional networks.Employability and inveterate EducationThis is a major area of challenge to most employers, specially those who employ large number of staff. Staffs have to take retraining in order to adapt a constantly changing external environment. It is a question of mind- hardening, working environment, and attitude towards self responsibility. The future will be characterized by the following needs, amongst otherThe need to handle increasing complexnessThe need for continual enhancement of the management skill sets known as Life-Long Learning for example, the ability to adapt to changing environments, challenges and technologyThe need for a positive attitude to newly emerging opportunities as managers themselves has to become life-long learners. recruitment and RetentionEmployee recruitment and selection is one the most vital HR functions as it is difficult to attract highly educated people. Next, retention focuses on the goal of keep well performing staff in the company. This depends not only on interesting work, fair compensation, and a motivating climate and management culture, but also on transparent and achievable career paths combined with a supportive management that provides guidance.Challenges of new technologyWith latest and advanced technology tend to reduce the number of jobs which require curt skill and at the same time increase the number of jobs that require considerable skill. This shift we refer to as moving from touch labour to knowledge work. This will need to displace some employees and while other requires to be retrained.Challenges of globalizationGlobalization influences a significant p ortion of economy and affects the free flow of trade among countries. Besides that globalization also influences the number and kinds of jobs that are available and requires an organization to balance a complicated set of issues related to managing people with different cultures, geographies and legal environment.Managing DiversityIts value is getting more important issue because of increase in the number of early days workers in the work-force, increase in the number of women joining the work-force, increase in the proportion of ethnic minorities in the total work-force, increase in mobility of work-force, international careers expatriates are becoming common, international experience as a pre-requisite for career progression to many top-level managerial positions.Human resources management approaches are not static due to they are not made one time and hold good forever. As a result they will have to undergo systematic changes in order to meet the requirements that may be happe ned in the future. For instance the methods that worked well in the past or now may not necessary work well in the depict as operationally effective currently may need adjustment in order to be intimate with future needs. It is wise to have foregoing preparations by foreseeing possible changes and what required for the future.Future ChallengesWorkplace flexibilityIt is expected to be on the rise as the future workplace also known as the virtual office is characterized by creative and negotiable work arrangements. As more employees tend to work off-site, there will be an increase in emphasis on exploit and results as opposed to the number of hours worked. Besides that, off-site employees can expect to do fewer meetings and as a result specified work will become much more collaborative and as a result management will have to spend nearly all its time managing cross-functional work.Technological DevelopmentsWhile organizations are growing in term of size, complexities and mechan ization (computerization), it is important to examineHow technological development affects the specification of jobs in terms of different requirements of education skill required and organizational structure performance control. The suggested methods for instance including selection, personnel recruitment, analysis of job, developing compensation plans and appraisal systems.The strategies in ensuring employee acceptance of the programme are vital through the introduction and management of technological changes.Changes in the Socio-Cultural expectations of the work forceThese include changes in the compositions of work force in terms of their education, social background, and roots in urban setting and exposure to larger democratic culture of our country, all of which occupy about changes in their expectations, attitudes and value-orientations which have bearing on the approaches to Human Resources Management.Challenge in Human CapitalHuman capital is intangible and cannot be manag ed the way organization manage jobs, technologies and etc. As employees own their own human capital, so if valued employees leave a company, they will take their human capital with them, and any investment the company has made in training and developing those people is lost.Increasing Shortage of Labor later the year 2010, the growth rate of workforce is projected to be declining horizontal further. The annual growth rate is projected to be only 0.4 percentage which is the lowest in more than a century. Therefore it is important to pull in that these statistics are very predictable based on the knowledge of birth, immigration, retirement, and closing rates. Besides that, the terrorist attack of September 11, 2011 in the United States has caused the immigration laws to be more aggressively administered and as a result the immigration opportunities for complete positions have been drastically reduced.To conclude, managing human capital is an ongoing challenge, especially as socia l, political and economic events take their toll. Strategies must continually be redefined to stimulate improved return on investment in human capital. As HR professionals work within their own organizations, they must also cope with good and bad economies, new technology, and the social issues global, regional and national which affect their organizations.

Cima Defines Management Accounting As The Process Of Identification Accounting Essay

Cima Defines Management accountancy As The Process Of Identification Accounting Es ordainAccounting is the methodical or precise recording, reporting, and assessment of fiscal deals and transactions of a business. Accounting also involves the preparation of statements or declarations concerning assets, liabilities, and surfacecomes of trading operations of a businessCIMA defines Management Accounting as the process of identification, measurement, calculation, synopsis, preparation, variation and communication of information used by management to plan, evaluate and check over within an entity and to ensure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources. An important phone line among the two segments of be is that management accounting is non obligatory in the sense that a comp some(prenominal) is free to do as much or as little as it likes and no regulatory bodies or agencies specify what is to be done, or, for that matter, whether anything is to be done at altoge ther.The furbish up objective of management accounting is to provide the coachs with a detailed analysis of the cost incurred and to assist them develop strategies to increase pull ins andreduce costs. cost is a prevail which links both monetary and management accounting. Without becoming mathematical product cost information a manufacturing, wholesale or sell organization would be unable to segregate the cost of sold and unsold outputs. Such segregation is essential to obtain periodic profitability measurement. existence of payfinance can be defined as the artistic issue and science of managing funds. Virtually all idiosyncratics and organization procure or bone up money and spend or vest money. finance is concerned with the process, institutions, marketplaces and instruments mixed in the transfer of money among and between individuals, business and governments.Finance, in some another(prenominal) word, can be defined as the management of the flows of money fin ished an organization, whether it be a corporation, school, bank, or government agency. Finance concerns itself with the actual flows of money as well as any claims against money.The term monetary management, motorcoachial finance, corporate finance, and business finance argon virtually synonymous and be used interchangeably, most of the managerial finance.Finance is regarded as the life-blood of the business unit. This lead involves planning, procurance and effective utilisation of the funds of the business.Relationship Between finance and accountingFinance concerns with account because pecuniary accounting is one differentiate of accounting. Accounting relates to booking of the historical transaction of an organization and it leads to preparation of fiscal status of the company stating that asset and what liabilities be held by the entity as on the day when relevant period like a year ends i.e. equilibrise SheetFinancial status is concluded from the accounting records (i.e . balance sheet, profit and loss account). Account keeps the record of the organizations income, expenditure, asset liabilities and by evaluating those transactions finance accepts the decision for sitement like where to invest? How much funds to invest? Etc. In a short form we can say that where account ends of keeping records, finance starts the work by evaluating them.Finance is attached with accounting. The accounting process produces one of the essential raw materials needed to make financial decisions, financial data. Accounting is a tool for handling sole(prenominal) the financial persuasions of business operations. It is geared to the financial ends of business only because these are measurable on the scale of money values. The distinction between financial management and management accounting is semantic one, but the gap between the two is rapidly windup. Financial management, however, has the broader meaning of planning and control of all activities by financial mean s, spell management accounting originally meant the inner management of finance. The accountant devotes his attention to the collection and presentation of financial data. The financial officer evaluates the accountant statements, develops additional data and arrives at decisions based on his analysis. As a matter of fact, sound financial management is a matter of good accountingAccounting and Finance is a precise important bureau of any business either for profit reservation or for non-profit making institutions. It provides an avenue where a business analyses its operations in terms of what they own, what comes and what goes out. This write-up looks deeper into the accounting and financial processes in an organization and the problems associated with these processes. The introduction bankrupt tries to look into the meaning of accounting and finance and the processes involved in distributively case. The main discussion focuses on deeper diagnosis of the problems encountered i n accounting and financial processes.Functions of the businessThe voice of a business can be separate into two parts.1) Primary matter 2) alternative functionPrimary function is a function of that kind which is needed basically to operate an organization. The basal function of business can be divide into these partsFinance functionProduction functionMarketing functionFinance function finance is regarded as the life blood of the business unit. This function involves planning, procurement and effective utilization of the funds of business. Without finance function it is not executable to run a businessProduction function The function of production involves making or production of a product or creating service by using gentleman resource, raw materials and working capital. A number of process, technology, and techniques are use for production. It entails plant location and layout, plant building, production planning and shade control. For the production function it involves wit h human resource function and finance function of business. Since production helps in the creation of utilities, this has been considered as the most important function of the business.Marketing functions this function is primarily linked with the distribution of manufactured product or services. It involves with the sale of the product. For that function it uses human resource and finance. For smooth market of the product, the marketing manager decides on the product, its packing and branding, deciding the distribution telephone line and promoting the future sales.Secondary function of the business is accounting. When a business comes in an operation, it has its some transactions of income and expenditures. Those transactions lies in accounting function of the business. The secondary function can be divided into these partsCollect and die data from business transactions.Keep transactions according to system of accountingPrepare financial statementsSend the report to other surgi cal incisions of the business.Relating finance with other business functionsFinancial management is an integral part of overall management. It is not a totally independent. Finance is omnipresent and it is associated with the plans and results of every functional department because every proposal and every decision entails financial problems or has an make on financial results. it is well-nigh associated with economic science, accounting and interfaces with such areas as marketing, production, human resource management and quantitative techniques.Finance and economicsFinance and economics are close related. Economics as defined by economist is the study humans behavior in producing, exchanging, and definition the materials, goods and services he wants. The definition is somewhat similar to our definition of finance. Finance might be viewed as the study of economics events in which it is possible to put a rupee sign on the transaction. In this context, finance is an application of economics. The individual interested in making financial decision is well served by having a sound foundation in economics. The link between economics and financial management is close. A study of financial management is believably to be barren if it is divorced from the study of economics. Financial management has, in fact, evolved over the years as an autonomous branch of economics..Finance and marketingFinancial management is intimately related with marketing. The financial manager while formulating credit and collection policies for the firm must consult the marketing manager because these policies directly affect magnitude of sales of the firm. Whether to sell for credit, to what extent and on what terms are parts of the sales strategy of a firm. moreover they have financial implications too because the funds get out be tie up in receivables must be made available and any shift in policies will affect on receivables. Thus this aspect of business decisions involves both s ales and finance. Alongside this, the financial manager will have to draw upon the fundamentals of marketing while deciding whether to invest funds in a given business enterprises and in discovering how to market stocks and bonds (R.M. srivastava 1986). What marketing power forecast, the financial manager then determines the financial property of the forecasts.Finance and Production FunctionFinancial management is also closely associated with production functions. Any changes in the production functions may necessitate capital expenditures, which the financial manager must evaluate and finance. He is primarily trusty for supplying funds to finance inventory and fixed assets, which must earn sufficient return to cover the cast involved in procuring funds.Finance and human resources managementHuman resources management, the management of investment in personnel or employees has important financial considerations. At the organizational level, financial manager must decide whether it would be profitable to finance special provision for employees or not.Finance and Quantitative techniquesFinancial management is also closely related with quantitative techniques. The advance study of finance requires considerable ordinariness in quantitative methods. An understanding of statistical techniques appears to be especially of import since May financial decisions rely on observing relationship and acting on the basis of these relationships.particularsDebit ()Credit ()Stock 1.1Purchase displace powerBuildingSalariesMachineryDebtorsCash at bankWages cart outwardInvestmentRentStationeryGoodwillInterest in debentureSalesShare capitalCreditorsReserve fund winnings and loss appropriation account6% debenture30000550000500020000010000200000hundred thousand250002000050002000001000020000200005000800000450000100002000020000100000TotalTrial BalanceAdjustments closedown stock at the end of the year was of 30000Provide Depreciation on building at 5% and machinery at 10% and provi sion for probationary debts to be maintained at 5% on sundry debtors dramatic salary was 2000 and wages were prepaid for 3000The Directors decided to pay 10% dividend on paid up capital and transfer 10,000 to the reserve fund out of profit.particularsDebit particularsCredit To stock 1-1To purchaseTo fuel, powerTo wages 20000Less, pre-paid 3000To primitive profit c/dTo Depreciationed30000550000500017000228000By salesBy closing stock80000030000830000830000Total830000Total830000

Colonialism and Beyond Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness Essay

Colonialism and Beyond Things Fall Apart and mettle of evil   My entire education has taken place in the get together States of America. It has consisted of commonplace take, college, and graduate school. I only had one teacher during my public school career who wasnt white. I had a female African-American English teacher when I was in Junior High School. The student dead body of my junior uplifted school was over ninety-percent black, yet our faculty was simply white with the exception of two black teachers. So, during my entire elementary and broad(prenominal) school careers I never saw a person of simulation in the front of the class.   I vividly remember that the only beat black people (or non-whites) were discussed was in history class, moreover, when we got to the chapter that dealt with slavery. I had to make a big adjustment in high school because my high school was well over ninety-percent white (just the opposite of my jr. high school.) Fredri ck Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and the Nat food turner rebellion was pretty much the extent of people of color at bottom the curriculum.   I grew up in Springfield, Massachusetts and during my junior year of high school something unexpected happened. College students from Smith College, Amherst College, and the University of Massachusetts did an academic intervention by providing tutoring and actually sitting in on our (minority students) classes. This tutorial broadcast became the Smith-Amherst Tutorial Project which enabled me to spend two passs following my junior and ranking(prenominal) years of high school at Smith College, taking college-level classes. These classes were taught by professors from Umass and Smith College who were kind enough to give up part of their summer for ... ...end of a journey we do not end quite where we estimate we would have.   Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. An Image of Africa Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. Ed. Robert Kimbroug h. smart York Norton, 1963. 251-62. ---. No Longer at Ease. New York Dell, 1960. ---. Things Fall Apart. New York Dell, 1958. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York Norton, 1963. Nelson, Emmanuel. Chinua Achebe. Postcolonial African Writers. Ed. Pusha Parekh. Westport Greenwood, 1998. Taylor, Willene. A Search for Values in Things Fall Apart. collar Things Fall Apart. Ed. Solomon Iyasere. New York Whitson, 1998. Turnbull, Colin. The Lonely African. Garden City Simon and Schuster, 1962. Watt, Ian. Heart of Darkness and Nineteenth Century Thought. Josephs Conrads Heart of Darkness. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea, 1987. 77-89.  

Love :: essays research papers

acknowledge is the or so important aspect of humanity aliveness as we know it. The reasons are because it is one of the only things that offer non be bought with any amount of money so it makes it a real scarce resource. If wonder would have a price smidgeon it would be for an infinite amount of dollars, pounds, or even pesos. Some battalion live their whole life looking for a " aline make do" some are lucky and find it. Some live their life la vida loca and have never found the while to find a true love. Others get tired of waiting and get married without love. Love has not changed at all over the course of history and this makes it the most important emotion in the human mind, body and soul.     Over time the translation of love and what it is has been debated and argued over, further in most cases the answer is very similar. "True love is like two rivers that forgather and merge, intertwining completely into one, thusly flowing on together. True love cannot be buried only if once unselfishly rooted it will grow forever." Quote on quote true love does exist but unfortunately is not found by all.      During Plato and Socrates years it was harder to make a clear definition of love due to the fact that most people didnt have a guess to find their perfect match. Due to the politics involved in arranged marriages people didnt have a good chance to meet the person of their dreams and whom they really loved. This gave some sour views of love and the concept of true love. The lower class in the early days was the luckiest class of that time period because they had a chance to seek out the person they treasured to be with because it wasnt important if a merchants son married a farmers daughter, but if a prince fell in love with a farmers daughter the chance of them being able to be together was impossible. 1 Anonymous www.home.talkcity.com/MoshPitWay/wrenwren1/quotes.html 9/25/00 1222AM.&nb sp         Plato completely understood love and this is why he never got married. He was a great philosopher and communicated and learned from of great philosophers ex. Socrates and Aristotle. Plato believed that love got people hooked and got them to do abnormal things. "Love is a hard mental disease." and then he goes on to say "Love is the felicity of the good, the wonder of the wise, the amazement of the gods.

America Doesnt Need Gun Control at Gun Shows Essay -- Constituton Bil

America Doesnt Need accelerator pedal Control at zep Shows Gun curtail has been a highly debated issue for several(prenominal) years. In the outgoing this debate has direct to the passage of hoagie assert legislation, the most gravid bill being the Brady Bill. However, the national legislation concerning wedge reign simply applies to licensed weapon dealers. This has left a long munition regard loophole at the national level, be prepargon unlicensed dealers and private collectors are not unavoidable to conduct background checks on potential customers in front selling them a weapon. Recently, this loophole has become the center of the gun control debate. Those who prevail gun control at gun shows (generally liberals) are saying that it is prerequisite to restrict the deal of firearms at gun shows because convicted felons and known terrorists are shortly able to find oneself weapons from gun shows. The other side of the debate (generally buttoned-ups ) contends that the enforcement of gun control at gun shows is a wasted effort and will only cause mounds of unnecessary paperwork.The National sound Association promulgated Anti-gun groups by Jim tip on their website. This article quite obviously presents a strongly conservative view as would be expected from the NRA on issue of tougher gun control laws. Since it is published on the National kick the bucket Associations website, Pate is able to use an aggressive come out to the issue, which is effective because his interview agrees with his views against stricter gun control. Pate also incorporates strong condolence into this article finished his word choice, which he uses to arouse negative emotions in the reader toward advocates of gun control. He weaves a great deal of news into his writing as well by citing many facts and m... ...ng citizens serves to a greater extent than a corrupt semipolitical agenda. By extension, it lends stand-in to those who hate Americas f reedom and try on to destroy our way of life (par.23). Although this metaphor is authentically nothing more than an example of name calling, Pate uses it to associate the emotions Americans urinate toward terrorists with the gun control campaign which will win more support for Pate and his views against gun control at gun shows. Works CitedPate, Jim. Anti-gun groups, led by Americans for Gun Safety, have teamed up behind U.S. Sen. John McCain to performance terrorism in order to advance their gun control agenda. Their prototypical target of probability is the traditional American gun show. The National Rifle Association. 15 Feb 2002. http//www.nra.org/frame.cfm? ennoble=NRA%20Institute%20for%20Legislative%20Action&url=http//www.nraila.org/ (21 March 2002) America Doesnt Need Gun Control at Gun Shows Essay -- Constituton BilAmerica Doesnt Need Gun Control at Gun Shows Gun control has been a highly debated issue for several years. In the past this d ebate has led to the passage of gun control legislation, the most prominent bill being the Brady Bill. However, the national legislation concerning gun control only applies to licensed gun dealers. This has left a huge gun control loophole at the national level, because unlicensed dealers and private collectors are not required to conduct background checks on potential customers before selling them a weapon. Recently, this loophole has become the center of the gun control debate. Those who support gun control at gun shows (generally liberals) are saying that it is necessary to restrict the sale of firearms at gun shows because convicted felons and known terrorists are currently able to obtain weapons from gun shows. The other side of the debate (generally conservatives) contends that the enforcement of gun control at gun shows is a wasted effort and will only cause mounds of unnecessary paperwork.The National Rifle Association published Anti-gun groups by Jim Pate on their webs ite. This article quite obviously presents a strongly conservative view as would be expected from the NRA on issue of tougher gun control laws. Since it is published on the National Rifle Associations website, Pate is able to use an aggressive approach to the issue, which is effective because his audience agrees with his views against stricter gun control. Pate also incorporates strong pathos into this article through his word choice, which he uses to arouse negative emotions in the reader toward advocates of gun control. He weaves a great deal of logos into his writing as well by citing many facts and m... ...ng citizens serves more than a corrupt political agenda. By extension, it lends support to those who hate Americas freedom and seek to destroy our way of life (par.23). Although this metaphor is really nothing more than an example of name calling, Pate uses it to associate the emotions Americans have toward terrorists with the gun control campaign which will win more su pport for Pate and his views against gun control at gun shows. Works CitedPate, Jim. Anti-gun groups, led by Americans for Gun Safety, have teamed up behind U.S. Sen. John McCain to exploit terrorism in order to advance their gun control agenda. Their first target of opportunity is the traditional American gun show. The National Rifle Association. 15 Feb 2002. http//www.nra.org/frame.cfm?title=NRA%20Institute%20for%20Legislative%20Action&url=http//www.nraila.org/ (21 March 2002)

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

global Warming Its gettin hot in here, so counter off all your clothes The famous words of R&B star, Nelly, are truer than one might think. It really is getting hot in here. The worlds average temperature is rising every form and is pass judgment to be 5 to 10 degrees higher by the end of the century, which is windy than they have increased in the last ten millennia, according to the discipline Resource demurrer Councils website. But why is this epidemic happening? As the Defense Council states, global thaw is caused by carbon dioxide and another(prenominal)(a) types of heat trapping pollution that are collecting like a blanket in the atmosphere, trapping heat from the earth as it tries to emit back into space. As a result, the planet is getting warming. In fact, 2002 was the hottest year yet. In an article in World Almanac and carry of Facts, 9 out of the10 hottest years have been in the 90s. There are a few major causes of theses heat trapping gases. According to a de picted object conducted by Dr. Gerald Meehl, Warren Washington, T.M.L. Wigley, Julie Arblaster, and Aiguo Dai from the National Center for atmospheric Research in Boulder Colorado, the main contributors to global warming are derived from human activities. Since the die of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O have increased by 30%, one hundred forty-five%, and 15%k respectively. The gases are emitted mainly by cars, power plants, and other industrial sources that burn gasoline, coal, and other fossil fuels.Obviously, the emissions of these greenhouse gases in excess are leading to the planets consistent increase in temperature. For example, in a study conducted by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, it was confirmed that earths early century warming was caused by mostly solar and volcanic forcing, and the late century warming, from 1940-2000, was mostly caused by the increase of greenhouse gases. The National Resource Defense Council states, if global warmingpersists, there will be much air pollution and problems with water system supplies as precipitation patterns change, as well as huge threats to ecosystems from the Everglades to the glaciers. not only will there be hotter, longer heat waves and more intense storm systems, but also forests, farms and cities will face hard new pests and more mosquito-borne diseases.As a result, past pr... ...o buying more fuel efficient cars and promoting an atmosphere friendly lifestyle.ReferencesArblaster, J., Dai, A., Meehl, G., Washington, W., Wigley, T. (2002, July 2002). Solar and Greenhouse gun for hire Forcing and humour Response in the Twentieth Century. Journal of Climate, pp426-444.Carey, J. and Shapiro, S. (2004, August 16). Global Warming. Business Week, pp.60-69.Frazier, I. (2003, March/April). As the World Burns. Mother Jones, pp.36-39.Global Climate Coalition. Retrieved on March 28, 2003 from Global Climate Coalition the world dewy-eyed web http//www.gl obalclimate.org/index.htmJensen, M. (2004, August). Climate Warming Shakes up Species. BioScience, pp. 722-729.Schulz, K. (2003, February 20). Global Warming near Now. Rolling Stone. pp. 35-38.(2003). Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming. World Almanac & Book of Facts, p165.(2003). Global Warming 101 What it is, How its Caused, and What Needs to be Done to incumbrance it. Global Warming In Brief. Retrieved March 28, 2003 from National Resource Defense Council on the world wide web http//www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/f101.asp

School Violence Essay -- School Violence Essays

fury in our shoals is an leave that has become more prominent in the decease few years. News articles almost blood-red deeds within the shallow mise en scene are on the increase. Our society demands that takes are safe for our children. In order to maintain a peaceful environment for all, we must reference and inform our schools, children, and parents as well as the neighboring communities about the issue of school violence. As David W. Johnson, the author of Reducing School Violence states, To fade violence and resolve destructive conflicts, schools must first admit that such conflicts are out of control. (Johnson 7) Schools in general must identify with these issues in order to deal with them. If violence in schools is to be controlled, the entire school community must take a proactive stance against violence. Since the setting is the school, it should follow that the schools are responsible and liable for maintaining violent free environments. This proactive stance can be accomplished by holding seminars making known students, parents, and neighboring communities of what is taking place in the school on a regular basis. Educators and administrators should inform the student body and the community of any precautions and condom measure to take if a violent event should occur. Any fount of violence in the school setting should be fully turn to in order to prevent further altercations from occurring. Student seminars that inform students of violent behavior and clearly state consequences are becoming a very popular trend across the U.S. Francis Hoang, of the FBI Law Enforcement Agency believes that each school should make sure that they are aware of what is going on and to take this vital information in a presentation to t... ...ion. Alexandra, Virginia Curriculum Development, 1997.Saunders, Carol. guard at School Awareness and Action for Parents of Kids Grades K-12. Minneapolis, MN Library of Congress. proceeds Data, 1994.This book shows the importance of parents becoming involved with the school setting. Markins, Charles. School Fundings. Pittsburg Post-Gazette 12 Feb. 2001 B 12 Craig, Robert. Safe School Prevention. Rolf Jenson & A ssociates 62.22 (1996) 192 Schwartz, Wendy. The Involved Teacher. 2001. (2001.) Kelly, Melissa. victorious the Bully By His Horns. 2000. (2001.) Christner, Terry. Zero Tolerance. Library Journal 126.18 (2001) 106This journal is about how schools should take every violent act very seriously and to sapidity into it so it does not get worse.

Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom -- Wedding Toasts R

Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom costly evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I am the grooms father, Ken, and I fork over the great perquisite of being stovepipe troops. I amaze recently found verboten there are two reasons why J W asked me to do this job. 1) To make him look younger and slimmer in the photos. 2) Because he didnt want to send any of his friends with the terrible prospect of having to give this speech. Its the speech that no peerless wants to do. The best man doesnt really know what hes expected to say and yet his speech is supposed to be humorous - nevertheless it might not be. Its supposed to be short - exactly it probably wont be. It should be superior - but it seldom is. It should not offend - and most do. And finally, its supposed to be sincere and I certainly intend mine to be. In fact, I cannot be more sincere than to say to my son what an honor you have done to me by asking me to be your best man like a shot. That said, plot of ground you are all here to enjoy yourselves, the poor best man has to work for his supper - not that he is able to enjoy his food for the archetype of devising that speech. He is so nervous he can scarce eat his meal. J W, seeing how nervous I was, arranged for me to have the best seat in the house - namely cubicle 3 in the Gents toilet. Theres even a sign behind the door which reads the best man inspects these toilets at 15-minute intervals. If you have any complaints please report it ... ...come so fond of Kathy and we looked upon her as a daughter that we had gained. I can but wish the new Mr and Mrs Wilson every success in the future. As I said at the start Im not very sure what a best man is supposed to say in his speech. I do know he really has only one thing he must cover and that is to say to the groom J W, on behalf of the matron of honour and the bridesmaids thank you very much for all that you said. I can only but agree with your comments. I would like to finish my speech by making a toast to the two most important persons here today - Ladies and gentlemen - a toast to the Chef and the Barman. Thank you.Only kidding, the toast is to J W and Kathy - the Bride and Groom.

Benedict :: essays research papers

Monte cassino proved to be a close difficult location for Benedicts new monastic connection as many obstacles and impediments were cast in his path along the office to success. But Benedict was able to over arrange each obstacle prove in his path and became a better man because of his troubles and eventual triumph.The prototypal of Benedicts plights on the way to the founding of Monte Cassino proved to be a slight obstacle, yet a presage of what was to come. Benedicts monks had been hard at work building cells in the abbey of the community, in the way of the continuance of the building was a large rock. The monks tried and tried to remove the rock with their own strength, but the rock obviously would not budge. The reason for this hardship was saucer-eyed in the eyes of the monks the stick was hard at work. They then sent for the man of God, Benedict. With a simple blessing Benedict was able to dislodge the rock, making it quite well-situated for the monks to continue th e building of the cells. Not only did this help in the true(a) physical building of the community, but it also gave the monks a glimpse of what was to come and a reinforced faith in their God and their leader.After this scratch obstacle it was clear that there were many more to follow. During the next point of the building process the monks were hard at work building a particular higher. Benedict at the time was praying to God, when all of a fast the Devil appeared to him and told Benedict that he was going to the monks. The monks unaware of this message act to work when the next crisis occurred. The newly finished wall was toppled, and landed on a young child, who was a monk, instantly crushing him to death. The monks thinking this was an accident, describe the terrible news to Benedict. Benedict, a man of God, then bade the monks to hire the boy, in whatever state, to him. The monks obeying Benedict, did this and left Benedict to his prayers, and in that very hour, by dint of prayer Benedict was able to revive the boy and set him and his monks covering fire to work on the toppled wall This recent triumph of Benedict not only proved to his monks that he was indeed an incredible man of God, but it also proved to them that through the help of God Benedict would value his monks and his community for the of the evil that is the Devil.

Loyalties in Kurt Vonnegut’s Mother Night Essay -- Mother Night

Kurt Vonneguts baffle night is a raw that deals with the loyalties that humansform to each other, as easy as affaires and places. However, Vonnegut does not address this issue by creating a slog of reputations who atomic number 18 loyal and square to a particular person, place or thing instead, he places the reader in a world that is seemingly neutralise of all sense of loyalty and trustworthiness. Al around every voice in this novel is apparently devoid of all ability to trust, and to a greater extent significantly, be trusted. In his creation of this dark and uncertain world, Vonnegut is effectively emphasize the wideness of allegiances in nonpareils animateness. Through characters like Howard W. Campbell, jr. and Resi Noth, among others, he proves that a life without loyalty and devotion is not a life worth living. Each character is lacking the same affection qualities and abilities, nonetheless each shows thisdeficiency in a different flair - by betraying a co untry, another person, or themselves. Because of their betrayals, each of them ends up miserable, in prison, or dead, with the possible exception of Frank Wirtanen. Every life in this novel is somehow affected by the deceit and inability to book both kind of commitment that these characters so tragically display. Howard W. Campbell, Jr., the main character of the novel, experiences the mostsevere and damaging lack of loyalty and coherency in his life. Howards problems begin when he agrees to become an American spy session as a Minister of Propaganda for theNazis during dry land struggle II. No one knows of his true identity except for himself and three other men therefore, everyone believes Howard to be a Nazi. At times, it seems as though Howard himself is not entirely surely whether or not he is a Naz... ... American Fiction Series, rewrite Edition. capital of Oregon wish, 2000. Magill On Literature. 29 Nov. 2002. Hume, Kathryn. Vonneguts Melancholy. Philological Quarterl y. 77.2 (1998) 221- 238. Klinkowitz, Jerome. Kurt Vonnegut. London and naked as a jaybird York Metheun, 1982. Reed, beam J. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 152 American Novelists Since World War II, Fourth Series. Bruccoli Clark Layman, 1995. 248-272. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Gale Group Databases. 27 Nov. 2002. Somer, John, and Jerome Klinkowitz, eds. The Vonnegut Statement. the States Delacorte Press/Seymour Lawrence, 1973. Vonnegut, Kurt. Mother Night. New York Random House, 1966. Westbrook, Perry D. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Overview. Contemporary Novelists, sixth ed.St. crowd Press, 1996. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. 26 Nov. 2002. Loyalties in Kurt Vonneguts Mother Night Essay -- Mother NightKurt Vonneguts Mother Night is a novel that deals with the loyalties that humansform to each other, as well as things and places. However, Vonnegut does not address this issue by creating a cast of characters who are loyal and true to a particular person, place or thing instead, he places the reader in a world that is seemingly void of all sense of loyalty and trustworthiness. Almost every character in this novel is apparently devoid of all ability to trust, and more significantly, be trusted. In his creation of this dark and uncertain world, Vonnegut is effectively emphasizing the importance of allegiances in ones life. Through characters like Howard W. Campbell, Jr. and Resi Noth, among others, he proves that a life without loyalty and devotion is not a life worth living. Each character is lacking the same core qualities and abilities, yet each shows thisdeficiency in a different way - by betraying a country, another person, or themselves. Because of their betrayals, each of them ends up miserable, in prison, or dead, with the possible exception of Frank Wirtanen. Every life in this novel is somehow affected by the deceit and inability to sustain any kind of commitment that these characters so trag ically display. Howard W. Campbell, Jr., the main character of the novel, experiences the mostsevere and damaging lack of loyalty and coherency in his life. Howards problems begin when he agrees to become an American spy posing as a Minister of Propaganda for theNazis during World War II. No one knows of his true identity except for himself and three other men therefore, everyone believes Howard to be a Nazi. At times, it seems as though Howard himself is not entirely sure whether or not he is a Naz... ... American Fiction Series, Revised Edition. Salem Press, 2000. Magill On Literature. 29 Nov. 2002. Hume, Kathryn. Vonneguts Melancholy. Philological Quarterly. 77.2 (1998) 221- 238. Klinkowitz, Jerome. Kurt Vonnegut. London and New York Metheun, 1982. Reed, Peter J. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 152 American Novelists Since World War II, Fourth Series. Bruccoli Clark Layman, 1995. 248-272. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Gale Group Databases. 27 Nov. 2002. Somer, John, and Jerome Klinkowitz, eds. The Vonnegut Statement. USA Delacorte Press/Seymour Lawrence, 1973. Vonnegut, Kurt. Mother Night. New York Random House, 1966. Westbrook, Perry D. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Overview. Contemporary Novelists, 6th ed.St. James Press, 1996. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. 26 Nov. 2002.

A Perfect Education :: Teaching Education

A Perfect Education There ar many ideas as to what constitutes an exaltation education. A number of factors come together to make an ideal education. P arnts hire to be concerned with the education of their children. Teachers must be all told devoted to their students educations. Students must have faith in their teachers and the education which they are receiving. Students, parents and teachers are the key elements in a vex education. A in force(p) relationship among the three parties is essential to a near education.Parents are an serious ingredient to the perfect education. Parents who arent involved in their childrens education only lug the efforts made by teachers and students to create a good education. These parents are ofttimes uninterested with their childrens education as a whole. To achieve perfection in the educational system, parents have to take an active role in that education. Parents who dont overwhelm themselves in their childrens education arent alwa ys assured some the students progress, arent aware of the rate of flow platform, and dont have any idea of the students strengths and weaknesses in school. An involved parent is informed and sometimes included in the decision-making process. Parents who take an active role are kept informed of the progress made by their children. The parents know the curriculum and assist the children with their nightly studies, and can discuss their childrens feelings about education. Devoted teachers are extremely important to a perfect education. The teacher is just about the most important of the three parties necessary to create a model education. Teachers have the responsibility of forming good relationships with both students and parents. Teachers must also be able to effectively communicate with both parents and students in order to curb that there are no misconceptions or confusions about the childrens educations. A good teacher is aware of any special needs that certain children whitethorn have and is able to help those children adjust to the curriculum accordingly. Although it may depend obvious, teachers need to be patient and empathetic when dealing with his or her students. The large majority of teachers already possess these qualities. Many students, however, have complained of teachers that appear to have no time for their students. Teachers with an unenthusiastic attitude relay a interdict feeling back to their students and that can create problems in the classroom. As mentioned precedent though, people usually wont become teachers if they are uninterested in providing an keen education to their students.

During the past few decades we have seen a shift from Industrial work :: Business and Management Studies

During the erstwhile(prenominal) hardly a(prenominal) decades we have seen a shift from Industrial work to Information applied science workIndustrial Work To Information Technology WorkDuring the past few decades we have seen a shift from industrial workto training technology work. Why argon educated professionals losingtheir furrows? Why is this happening? fit to Rifkin, he believesthe end of work is near. The three points of interest our massiveunemployment, mechanization in factories and the dis solution of the middleclass. In my opinion, the workers of today need to be flexible,versatile, and have cooperative skills in a changing economy. Theemployers ar not only looking for highly skilled workers, but forpeople who are flexible, work well with others and have good problemsolving skills. A worker must be flexible to be able to deepen andgrow with the economy. The needs of employers are important intodays job market. Flexibility goes hand in hand with working withother p eople. Interaction with others and being a people -personbuilds stronger cooperative skills. Problem solving skills are anecessity for even the simplest of jobs. Having the ability to work by problems, to come up with a positive end result stomach be a longprocess. Cheaper labor can be represent in other countries, which results in theclosing of American factories or a cut in pay. Those still holding onto a job are being forced to work longer hours to make ends meet. Ihave personally seen my family and friends face this situation,growing up in the political machine and steel environment as a child. As statedby Rifkin, With each new indignity their confidence and self esteemsuffers another blow. (Rifkin 197) The some dramatic affect,according to Rifkin, is the psychological death experienced by the hardcore unemployed. As Rifkin puts it, after psychological deathsometimes comes physical death. This intelligibly shows how changing onething dramatically affects many things down th e road. If we are awareand prepare for this situation we can make a difference. Rifkinsclaim that we are heading towards massive technological unemployment,this can be disputed by the unemployment figures for the last severalyears. My experience in the workplace, computer has created newpositions. Even though, Rifkin believes it are not enough jobs. Inmy opinion, educational activity is the answer to help and create workers in theinformation-technology field.Next, Rifkin claims our middle class is dissolving. fit to theDepartmentof Labor, for the past 3 decades, the classes have basically remainedthe same. In reality, some American wants to be successful either asblue-collar or white collar in society.