Quantum Cryptography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantum Cryptography - Essay ExampleBoth properties form a third force out of quantum steganography in terms of security. This strong point occurs from every new QKD term code universe free of all formerly used codes as this independence lowers the number of methods a criminal lavatory infiltrate the system (Cobourne and Cid, 2011, p. 5).A fourth strength is the future proofing of security offered by QKD. Even when a malefactor breaks through a cryptographic system at any indefinite dot in the future, former messages conveyed through it stay secure (Cobourne and Cid, 2011, p. 5). Mathematics has demonstrated the absolute security of QKD networks. Even when relations with a rival that has endless supplies of time and energy, security of QKD networks are unbreakable.One weakness of quantum cryptography is that quantum mediums are only functional over limited space (Rothke, 2007, p. 1055). This is a technical weakness as it occurs when 1 evaluates the realities of QKD applicatio n. Today, quantum mediums cannot convey data quick enough to offer sufficient levels of service, which forms a second technical weakness. Thirdly, quantum oculus gear is susceptible to attacks. Quantum cryptography requires costly setups for upholding quantum processing, which serves as a weakness for mathematics, computer, and physics researchers who cannot afford such(prenominal) infrastructure (Cobourne and Cid, 2011, p. 6).Another weakness is the possibility of quantum cryptography killing mathematical progressions at any period in the future irrespective of quantum computing advancements (Rothke, 2007, p. 1055). Commercially, the promise of ideal security may not be a significant enough imperative for businesses to permit the cost of customized gear and infrastructure (Nano 2014). Since conventional cryptography offers more than sufficient security, businesses will consider the uncertain advantages of quantum cryptography an unworthy risk and weakness (Lydersen et

Managing Organisations in a Global Context. Chevron Corporation Essay

Managing Organisations in a Global Context. band Corporation - Essay interpreterGlobal scale of its operations, scarcity of skilled workforce, and a highly competitive commodity based craft makes band highly vulnerable to the external environs. For Chevron to retain its market leadership in a competitive global knowledge-based economy, it has to depend on efficient knowledge exchange between its operations groups (customer facing) and the engine room center staff (responsible for technology and support). Therefore, it is important for Chevron to actively engage in knowledge centering activities to increase useable efficiencies and over totally cost-advantages. The report analyses the structure, organizational culture and leadership of Chevron to study its congenital capabilities. Chevron has a decentralized organizational structure that poses both a threat and advantage to impose necessary changes for knowledge sharing and team collaboration. The principles of The Chevron Way that acts as a learning beam to communicate and reinforce the values and goals of Chevron is a key artifact for its team and learning-based organization culture. Chevron leadership has been instrumental in driving key initiatives as best practice sharing, operational efficiency management system and benchmarking wrt industry practices. The key issues that are important to be addressed for Chevrons long-term future are low-cost competition from state-owned oil companies, global communication scrap regarding surroundal concerns and its existing decentralized structure. Introduction The financial crisis of 2008 highlighted once again two key lessons for organizations all over the world firstly, that organization laughingstocknot operate in vacuum and is not invulnerable to what is happening in the external environment and secondly, the world is so interconnected that positive and negative effects in organizations can have ripple effects across the globe in a matter of minutes. Exte rnal environment comprises of factors such as administrative and legal (inter study, non-governmental policies and regulations, legislatures and legal frameworks), technology (innovations, research and development), politics (government support and semipolitical systems in the geographical region), economics (inflation, labour laws, opportunity costs, currency restrictions etc.), society and culture at local, national and regional levels and stakeholders (Harrison, 1970). There are evident examples of organizations that have been deeply impacted due to pressures of the external environment such as Kodak at the advent of disruptive innovation in digital imaging (Forbes, 2008), Lehman Brothers bankruptcy due to 2008 global financial crisis (Investopedia, 2009) etc. Globalization has transformed contemporary business environment into a knowledge-based economy that makes organizations even more vulnerable to changes. Oil and Gas companies are no exceptions to this turbulent environmen t. The relevance of geopolitical tensions, environmental considerations, oil economics and market dynamics make them complex entities to operate. They deal with a number of complex tasks, which reason the necessity of knowledge management system in the oil and catalyst organizations. Globalization, innovative technologies, outsourcing and offshoring, new joint ventures, government regulations and scarcity of experienced personnel have amplified the need to get by and mobilize knowledge, expertise and best practices across multi-national organizations to retain their competitive advantage (Leavitt, 2002). This report addresses the above factors in case of CHEVRON Corporation, and

Comparison between american and japanese army in world war 2 Research Paper

Comparison between American and japanese army in world war 2 - Research Paper ExampleIt is worth(predicate) noting that in the beginning of the war, with Japan shelling Pearl Harbor, Japan can be considered as having circulate force capabilities that were considerable in 1941, even as the United States was in a state of nerve-racking to accelerate its distribute force program through a rapid buildup in capabilities. What prompted this hasty buildup was Germanys intrusion of Poland two years before the Pearl Harbor invasion, with Hitler signaling its ambition to take on atomic number 63 by force. At the time of the Polish invasion the American Air Forces consisted of less than two special K aircraft and just 26,000 people. The US War Department signaled its own intent to radically beef up its air force capabilities with the establishment of the AAF, or the Army Air Forces, making it equal in stature to the primer forces of the US Army (Craven and Cate Weinberg US Air Force Wei der History Group).After 1941, it became clear to the US that the war could not be won without the necessary radical expansion of its air force capabilities, and the manic buildup work out resulted in the United States eventually producing the largest air force fleet in the world, eventually overcoming the air forces of the Germans and the Japanese. The capabilities of the US Air Forces at the height of that buildup ran through a wide array of tactical functions and uses, from reconnaissance to bombing to attacking, personnel training, and transporting. At its height, the US Air Forces had an inventory of more than 80,000 aircraft with different capabilities and uses, while its personnel cypher reached more than 2.4 million people. A sampling of the inventory of aircraft used in the war effort include the B29 Superfortress, the B17 Flying Fortress, the C47 Skytrain, and the P51 Mustang (Coakley Adams 1994 US Air Force).The final year of the war saw the complete overpowering of the alikeness US air forces of the Japanese, capped by

Electronic Medical Records Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Electronic Medical Records - Essay ExampleThus, the EMR has a entangled dodging which deals with the patient data in the most effective manner. The benefits of the EMR system in health headache are several which help the practitioners immensely. The system enables access to comprehensive, legible, and organized patient data and reference belles-lettres at the point of service. (Clayton, 2005). While the benefits of EMR in health care service are numerous, there are some significant disadvantages to the system which offer some crucial challenges to the practitioners. The major concerns about the use of the system are connected with set-up and training, productivity/efficiency concerns, connections to external data sources, privacy concerns, system performance and availableness etc. The lack of confidentiality of the individual records which are managed electronically as well as the limitations connected with the software, computer hardware and networking technologies illustrate t he major challenges faced when implementing a universal EMR system.Clayton, Paul D. (2005). Physician use of electronic health check records Issues and successes with direct data entry and physician productivity. Retrieved February 09, 2009, from http//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgiartid=1560588

Critical thinking Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical thinking - condition ExampleBrief Summary The authors Edwards and Hewitt enumerated the three possible options on how to therapeutically respond to patients who self-harm. These include preventing self-harm, allowing self-harm and oversight self-harm. The first option, to prevent it, presented two advantages which include a) prevention of inflicting harm and b) demonstration of commitment to patients which make them olfaction important. However, these positive pedigrees were countered by four criticisms. The first is that it will lead to increased risk of suicide. Another argument is that it will increase the risk that patients will self-harm covertly that they will become desperate to try much drastic forms. Third criticism points that removing this coping mechanism of patients means their self-integrity will be undermined. Lastly, this option sends the nub to the patients that they merchant shipnot be trusted. The second approach, non-interference or to allow it, gi ves the patients their sense of control over their situation and at the homogeneous time respects their self-reliance. However, this approach may cause more damage and unforeseen harm which baron eventually lead to suicide, as well as lessen their self-worth due to abandonment and may also desensitize the nurses to this disturbing situation. The authors supported the last option, to supervise self-harm, because they believe that this will not compromise the autonomy of the patients as well as make them feel being c bed for and the nurses will also understand the patients by befriending them. The article As the authors Edwards and Hewitt discussed and evaluated the three contending options on how to deal with patients who self-harm, it can be said that they really are aiming to recommend the last option of supervising patients and being with them during self-harm. This is because as they presented the advantages of preventing and allowing self-harm, there were more arguments agai nst these two choices. in that respect werent any sustainable evidences that will prove the effectiveness of the above mentioned approaches. This poses a problem because it can be said that these advantages are merely claims without any proof to support. However, the flow of the article is clear and straight. There is no long discussion of any other topics aside from those needed to create this article. The aim of the Edwards and Hewitt were achieved so as to ensure that the readers will be convinced to support the supervision of self-harm as against preventing or allowing it. The approach can be considered as biased because during the introduction of the article, opposition and arguments of allowing and preventing self-harm were already being pointed out by Edwards and Hewitt. The authors questioned if retrenchment and noninterference are justifiable. The authors failed to provide more support and evidences to their claim that supervising the patients during self-harm is the most effective. This poses a apocryphal conclusion. However, the arguments of the authors are consistent. They have clearly stated from start to end of the article that they supported the supervision of self-harm kinda than the two other strategies that they explained. There is clear hypothesis and problem stated. The authors claimed that of the three options, the prevention strategy is the least plausible while there is a clear support to a supervised self-harm. This is because according to the qualitative exploration of Hume and Platt as presented by

Why we should not legalize marijuana Research Paper

Why we should not legalize marihuana - Research Paper ExampleIn response, the national government holds high profile meetings relating to the decision (Savage 1). similarly the contravention, there are a number of problems likely to emerge when states continue to pass legislations that allow marihuana use. With the growing influence from lobby groups in support of marijuana legalization, as predicted by opinion pollard results, public education is vital. The public needs to understand the reasons why the drug should remain illegal in the lead going to polls. In as much as marijuana legalization proponents present a go through of a safe society that freely smokes, there are credible reasons to out lawfulness the drug and deflect efforts to legalize its use.Supporters of the legalization of marijuana foresee their supporters smoking freely after uplifting laws that ban marijuana while they assume that the federal government shall remain strict on drug. This presents the challen ge of a conflict that states shall experience regarding their contradictory laws and policies on the use of marijuana. There is a serious need for coordination between federal and state governments to evade differences as those experienced in keeping law and order. Ultimately, the citizens are borne to bear the consequences of much(prenominal) contradicting laws. It is noteworthy that citizens are the proponents of regulations and policies that are most likely to affect them. Court rulings on cases involving marijuana tack and possession shall differ, for instance. This places the justice to the citizens at stake and considerable challenge to the society. Since the federal courts have the final submit over state courts, marijuana laws shall remain illegal despite its legalization by some states.Eric Holder, the American Attorney General, is on record reiterating that the federal government will launch relentless efforts to prosecute anyone who demeans the law by using Marijuana, in the country.

Feminist Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Feminist Movement - Essay ExampleIn the past state have had primary jurisdiction in the field of domestic abuse legislation. However, recently Congress has enacted legislation because of the increasing mobility of society and therefore the potential for perpetrators to cross state lines to commit their crimes against their partners. States diverge somewhat in their legislation, although police officers in all states can now mark someone they distrust has committed a domestic assault without having witnessed the event.(State) They do however vary in that 3 states crave an arrest if they are called to investigate an incident whereas the others dont if they file a report explaining why they did not arrest. Most states and the federal legislation have similar commentarys of domestic violence as that famed above. At one time forced sex by a man on his feminine cohabitating partner was not considered criminal sexual conduct or rape because this was regarded as his prerogative, but fortunately, this has changed. An arrest usually requires some or all of the following conditions, a probable cause, suspect, and victim fit the definition of a domestic relationship (cohabitation), alleged act fits definition of domestic assault ( actual or threatened physical violence), reason to believe domestic abuse will continue if suspect not arrested or evidence of injury and incident reported within 28 days of occurrence. The 2 principal(prenominal) acts of federal legislation are the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) originally enacted in 1994.

Managing Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Construction - Essay Example2005).Account also needs to be taken of changes in the quality of pains. Educational achievement is the usual delegation for quality. In construction, this alternative is least dependable, since many skills be acquired from experience and workshop training. The service is the amount of the finances that is made use of in production overdue to repairs.Reports have shown that there is dwindling productivity in the construction industry across UK. The industry has had downfalls that are associated with many contributing factors. Among the factors that affect productivity as discussed in this paper are employing skilled labor from abroad, increasing overtime for local skilled labor, rapid training of new local workers, and the use of more than capital-intensive methods of construction (A 2000). essay is characterized as the introduction to loss/ agnize, or the likelihood of event of loss/gain reproduced by its particular size. Activities are sai d to be sure if the likelihood of their event is 100% or completely unverifiable if the likelihood of event is 0%. In the middle of these extremes, the doubt shifts generally. Chance additionally could be characterized as a normal for a circumstance, movement, or occasion in which various conclusions are conceivable, the specific one that will happen is indeterminate, and no less than one of the potential outcomes is undesirable (M.A. 2000). attempt can further be characterized as the vicinity of potential or real requirements that could hinder productivity, bringing about complete disappointment either throughout development or at time of utilization. Risk can be simply illustrated asEmploying skilled work force from abroad has assorted inconvenient consequences to the productivity of the construction industry and the countrys budgetary standpoint on the loose. The expenses are connected with decreasing the gainfulness and

Comparing and Contrasting Ideas About Education Developed by Al Essay

Comparing and Contrasting Ideas About Education Developed by Al Ghazali and Seneca - Essay ExampleAl Ghazali listent and developed his philosophical knowledge in terms of Islamism. At the analogous time, he was inspired by ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle. He was focused on the spiritual dimension of education. He developed Manners to Be Observed by Teachers and Students and was focused on promotion of purity of mind and knowledge as the final and the wholly one and only(a) goal in life, because it leads to spirituality and closeness to God. His ideas may be interpreted in the following way both teachers and students be the servants of God, only teachers stay on one step closer to God, then their students. Teachers employment in education plays a function of mediation between the spiritual closeness of students to God and God. It is interest to note that spiritual dimension is the right way to learning or knowledge gaining. It is impossible to reaching nothing wit hout it. A role of a student is described as a passive character, who is allowed only to a small portion of knowledge that is enough for his small mind. There is no need for superfluous knowledge. There is an evident subordinate relation between a student and a teacher. The former should translate humility and modesty. Knowledge learning happens as a step-by-step work out. There is a need to contribute your mind to this process in order to gain the highest knowledge. Teacher is an individual with a pure mind, who is open to select the most appropriate portions of knowledge and teach it to his students. There is a need for him to be genuine with his students and to teach them clear things. At these last two points, we can claim that AI Ghazali ideas are pertinent to advanced(a) teachers and students only partially. Anyone nowadays consider knowledge as a means to develop our minds. It is a means to get a better job and to gain much money, as a rule. Nevertheless, in that res pect is a need to promote tolerant and sincere relations between the students and the teacher, only it is necessary to punctuate a partnership nature of this kind of relations. It can be argued that philosopher underlines the necessity of life-long learning, because modern professionals have fantabulous skills in one or two fields. It is impossible to be professionals in many fields. It is better to leave ones life to only one selected occupation. Unfortunately, the contemporaries do not consider the process of education as a way to enlightenment or a way to God. With respect to Senecas ideas about learning, we can claim at once that his approach is more up-to-date and interesting for the modern teachers and students. Seneca follows the principle of stoicism, which underline that good life is based on reason and harmony with nature. Therefore, wisdom and lawfulness are the final goals of education. Wisdom even not always correlated with education, as the philosopher claims. On th e one hand, Seneca underlines that virtue comes from knowledge. We develop our minds in the process of learning and make it opener for new horizons. Every person should study and identify his virtue through knowledge. On the other hand, there is no need to learn the integrative elements of any science, such as syllables, curves or diagrams if there is a closed mind. A excess man is able to cognize liberal sciences. They are developed for him. It is not

Legal Systems in the Civilized World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

legitimate Systems in the Civilized World - Essay ExampleAn oft-heard justification is that you cannot treat hardened criminals with kid gloves or you will be perpetrating crime withal further. But this argument has no regard for the fact that even hardened criminals ar covered by the human rights guarantees in the Constitution and in human rights conventions. forgiving rights are inalienable and imprescriptible, and they apply to everyone.The parliament is vested with the power to create rightfulnesss that have coercive effect. It is essentially in their province to come up with regulations to maintain order and peaceful conduct in the society, while ensuring that a human rights framework is always in place. Over the past two decades, there has been a energize stream of legislation, marking the evolution of Criminal Justice as it is known in the present magazine.2 Indeed, the everlasting changes in the Criminal Justice Act reflects the constantly changing common mindsets on crime and its support issues.The Criminal Justice System as it stands now appears to be biased against the accused. For example, Sections 34-39 would effectively allow legal philosophy enforcement agents to draw inferences from the clam up of a person undergoing custodial investigation, as for instance, when the accused at any time before he was charged with the offence, on being questioned under caution by a constable trying to discover whether or by whom the offence had been committed, failed to mention any fact relied on in his defence in those proceedings.3 This provision whittles down considerably the right of the accused to maintain his silence, and shifts the hitch of proof on him. Fundamental and crucial indeed is the basic precept in criminal law that the burden of proving the guilt of the defendant resides on the prosecution.4 The statement of Viscount Sankey LC5 in Woolmington v DPP rings loud and seduceThroughout the web of the English criminal law one golden threa d is always to be seen, that it is the vocation of the prosecution to prove the prisoners guilt subject to ...the defence of insanity and subject also to any statutory exception.It is fundamental because it is rooted in the Constitutional guarantee of due process.6 An accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty, and his silence should not be taken against him.7 The importance of the arrogance of innocence is discussed in the case of State v Coetzee8, where it was stated...the more serious the crime and the greater the public interest in securing convictions of the guilty, the more weighty do constitutional protections of the accused become. The starting point of any balancing inquiry where constitutional rights are concerned must be that the public interest in ensuring that innocent people are not convicted and subjected to ignominy and heavy sentences, massively outweighs the public interest in ensuring that a particular criminal is brought to book...Hence the presumption o f innocence, which serves not only to protect a particular individual on trial, but to maintain public confidence in the enduring integrity and security

Precis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Precis - Essay ExampleMajority of the oil exportation nations are generally sidelined as being no-safe zones for travel and residence but still they serve as major sources of getting oil.The largest share of oil imports done in the world is done by the USA. In order to ensure the continued supply of oil the American government ensures that the regimes within the oil exportation nations stay stabilized. The revenue spent to ensure that stability along with the drawback that it indirectly facilitates non-allies to the country are cloggy facts that need to be addressed.Severe climatic changes are taking place due to the burning of fossil fuels at an extremely hazardous rate. The revenues being spent in obtaining oil are destabilizing the economies world over. The unaccompanied solution to this dilemma is the switching over to renewable energy as a means of modify fossil fuel consumption eventually resulting in stabilization of the entire human race.Lefton, Rebecca, Weiss, J. Daniel. Oil addiction is a Dangerous Habit. Center for American Progress. January 13, 2010.

What defines developmental apraxia of speech How and why does it Essay - 1

What defines developmental apraxia of speech How and why does it differ from acquired apraxia of speech - Essay Example disposed the nature of this disorder, it is difficult to define it. Guyette and Diedrich doubt it is possible to define DAS in the normal perceive as there is little reported agreement on which symptoms the behaviors are important in the diagnosing of this disorder. Second, there is paucity of data to support claims even when agreement is found (as cited in Bishop & Rosenbloom, 1987, p. 30). This view notwithstanding, discordant definitions have been propounded for DAS. Hegde (2001) states that it is a disorder in children characterized by sensorimotor problems in positioning and sequentially sorrowful muscles for the volitional production of speech, associated with prosodic problems (p. 184). Caruso and Strand (1999), state that most definitions of developmental apraxia of speech focus on the inability or difficulty with the ability to perform purposeful volunta ry movements for speech, in the absence of paralysis or weakness of the speech musculature (p. 14).Despite lack of evidence and consensus regarding the symptoms and characteristic features of DAS, certain diagnostic symptoms have generally been agreed upon. These comprise a high number of consonant errors, especially electrical switch in place of articulation, inconsistency in repeated productions, difficulty in sequencing ph nonpareilmes, especially in diadochokinetic tasks (/pataka/), groping, and rampart to therapy (Nijland & Maassen, 2005, p. 138). Other diagnostic criteria include errors in articulation, use of vowels, lack of comprehensive skills, faulty sequencing and rhythm of speech. thus far it cannot be said with any degree of certainty that these symptoms are exclusive to DAS.Shriberg, Aram and Kwiatkowski (1997b) attempted to find one diagnostic marker that was exclusive to DAS and that served to differentiate it from children with delayed speech and found inapprop riate emphasis the only characteristic significantly differentiating the two

Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employment Law - Case Study ExampleShe is condition a post of vice president despite of her disability and continue to deliver her anticipation at the highest take that oversees the company achieve profit maximization level at hand. The problem arise in her literary argument of work when she accepted the clothing industry to initiate and urge to contact initiatives with her subordinate group on the basis of creating a concretion that will oversee the fate of the employee at large. The C.E.O. and Board of Directors is furious, and call her in and threaten to fire her for allowing union representatives in the company. She meticulously relates that the law says, that she can non discourage or intimidate employees to persevere any union from addressing employees, besides they again rebuke her for her so called poor judgment. The identity card members states that, they will define back to her shortly. This case reflects a lot of unlawful instances in the way she ends up being treat ed. The detail that she is threatened is itself a bleach of law. Kayte Clark is herself a disabled employee but her situation has fully been considered. She is even spreadn the chance to advance to a top position despite her condition of being a effeminate worker and above all, being disabled. The major problem seems to come in when she decides to address the issue of new(prenominal) workers. She feels that these workers are hardly considered by the management. Her judgment is solely correct in contrast to what other individuals proclaim. The board is sheltering the companys position in the expense of the subordinate workers and any attempt to give these workers a chance to review their working conditions through a trade/labor union puts her into a difficult situation. Given that she has been working for the company for more than 20 years, there threats hardly mean anything to do with losing her job or even her immediate position. She is protected by Title VII in legion(predic ate) ways. She can hardly be punished for relating with her subordinates, because she is disabled, because she is a woman. A major reason why she should not face any punishment is that she not caused any positive damage to the company. While the title protect employers who discriminate based on protecting certain traits, which could hinder occupational qualifications, subordinate workers have the serious to join any labor unions that would fight for their rights. Kayte Clark has no right in preventing them from joining trade unions, but instead, she can help them in achieving their right to good working conditions among other benefits. Furthermore according to the Labor-Management coverage and Disclosure Act, workers are entitled to join any union as long as the union has been availed under the constitution act amendment. In the United States of America, we have got the office of labor-management standards (OLMS) amended under labor-management inform and Disclosure act formed in the year 1959 which covers unions and employees of this unions based on their postal services. The LMRDA Title VI bill of rights states that the authority to investigate a prohibition on a union fining, suspending, expelling, or differently disciplining members for exercising their rights under the LMRDA and a prohibition on

Music assignment. Just By Myself,Moanin,A Night In Tunisia,I Remember Essay

medicine assignment. Just By Myself,Moanin,A Night In Tunisia,I Remember Clifford - Essay ExampleThe concert took place in Palais Des Beaux Arts in Brussels in the year 1939 at night. The scene is described to be having five personnel on stage with two soloists saxophonist and trumpeters. The drummer is in the far right tush huge drums, guitarist at the center and pianists in the far left.The concert begins with a high sky solo by saxophonist and soft base sound from the drums. The song played is a new(a) jazz. Drums go all along the play vainglorious a base sound which balances the high bringing from saxophone and trumpet. When the saxophonesoloist stops, trumpeter takes over the soloing. The forte-piano is played alone just before the coming. In the climax of the song all instruments are played on maximum performance giving the song a sweet entertaining conclusion.The drum is played using sticks and it is played all through the song giving the song a walking bass. The trumpe t is interchanged with saxophone. They both provide the ride pattern with the support of the piano at the background.Just after the end of the song, the drummer ArtBlakely takes to the microphone and gets a laughter to the audience then gives them the conterminous step. This is so important since he involves the audience in the concert. I pick on the drummer who has made a great effort in drum playing all through the song. He was successful since he was able to give the song the bass sound matching the other instruments perfectly.

Media Violence Begets Societal Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Violence Begets Societal Violence - Essay ExampleViolence incorporates every social deportment that has intent to harm an new(prenominal) person, and includes physical military unit, verbal abuse, aggressive behaviour and disincentive all of which are exposed to children from a very young age within their own homes. How often do we read about children as young as seven or eight earnestly harming a younger child not so long ago it was reported in the media that a boy of around that age murdered a toddler. Nobody could understand how such a loathly thing could occur. The child had grown up within a loving and caring family there was no evidence of personnel in the home and violence had not been identified as a distinction throughout the history of either parents. Yet, the fact is, this young child had not only contemplated the idea of life-threatening physical abuse but actually knew how to go about it. It is difficult to suppose that such behaviour and such sordid knowl edge was innate or instinctive. It is common knowledge that humans at the abstract of the evolutionary ladder are actually born devoid of instinct, unlike other animals, and only blend in based on the care of a mother. Children as they grow up learn by sham and copying what they see and parents and teachers reinforce them when the behaviour is appropriate. The child therefore, must nominate been exposed to such give away and if it was not within the family and school, the only avenue left open is the media. When considering fictitious violence on the telecasting or in other media, we find that it is glamourised yes we have the bad characters that get caught and pay the price, but more often than not the heroes of the program are also involved with violence that is condoned with no reprimand. Victims are rarely portrayed as any real victim, the real damage and long term effects of violence are not revealed so again to some extent even the victims are glamourised. Violence tha t is presented with card has even more potential for adverse effects on children because it is trivialized under the guise of humour. Cartoons are a prime example, wherein we find violence that is quite fierce, with the executor in an appealing role and the victim although suffering a plethora of violent actions never really suffering or dying. Such fantasy in the disposition of very young children must pose potential threat they are not always able-bodied to distinguish the difference between reality and fantasy. Violence among adolescents and young adults is increasing we only have to require on the streets of most cities in the world to witness thuggery, gang warfare, rape and murder. Many people load this upsurge of social violence on drugs, unemployment and poverty while there is no denying that such factors have impacted on social harmony and that there are significantly more reports of street violence today than there was twenty or thirty years ago because of drug abuse and other negative social and economical issues, media violence must also play a part. Media itself has illustrated that although many adults learn drugs, are unemployed and live in poverty the rate of violence and abuse for adult populations, at least within developed countries, has not increased

Law and Conflicting Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Law and Conflicting Perspectives EssayComposers represent conflicting perspectives by their own unique experiences and values as their political and social contexts. Geoffrey Robertsons self styled memoir The Justice endorse written in the late 1900s heavily reflects these conflicting perspectives in the Trials of Oz and The Romans in Britain through the employment of affective and persuasive language and ridicule in the form of satire to which convey Robertsons trance through his eyes. such conflicts also portrayed in Charles Waterstreets article Its a long fickle road to justice which sympathetic to Robertsons use of persuasive techniques utilizes satire to challenge and question the myopic procedures of the legal system. As society develops, along with it come the changes in values and beliefs this is evident in The Trials of Oz which displays the differing attitudes and conflicting perspectives between generation gaps.The Trials of Ozs Rupert Bear was whiz of great of fence in Robertsons time, whereas today material similar to this is everywhere and is mostly socially acceptable which parallely reflect the beliefs of freedom of speech and individuality growing within society.Robertson himself believed these values which is evident in his view put across in a metaphor for describing the legal system as the justice stake revealing the lack of freedom of speech and individuality acknowledgement within it, which is reinforced through the chapter through repetition, arising questions for the responder. In the Trials Of Oz, Robertson uses persuasive language to describe the defendants as honest young men and to characterise Oz as a harmless coffee-table magazine for the revolution that would never happen.

How Do You Get People to Like You Essay Example for Free

How Do You Get People to alike(p) You EssayBe polite. Be yourself. That way, wad like you for who you be.Many of us mistakenly opine that its impairment or conceited, to think we acquire any reasoned qualities. We whitethorn spend a lot of date berating ourselves for our negative qualities, thinking that self criticism is the key to improving our performance. However, a constant decoct on our supposed shortcomings good deal hinder our efforts to murder friends with other tidy sum.How tail assembly we cook the confidence to throw new friends if we think we dont imbibe much to offer? How can we mean that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed? Or if we think we are too boring to interest anyone else? We whitethorn wonder what anyone else would see in us if we dont see any good in ourselves. In ramble for others to be stringed to us, they must be able to easily see our best qualities. If we focus on our good qualities we will have much more confidence that we have something of value to offer in a relationship.If you wish to be socially successful, its important to accept the fact that not everybody is going to like you chthonian all circumstances. Not everyone is going to like the package you come in, especially on first skirmish you. Every person has a unique pattern of likes and nauseates which were formed long before they met you. Dont think you have to condemn yourself as a failure if it seems that mortal else doesnt like you.If someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you. The person who doesnt like you might be fearful, or shallow, or busy or shy. Perhaps you and that person are simply a mismatch for each other at this particular time.Dont take yourself out of the game by deciding that your flaws are bigger than your assets. In fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else. For all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else.You might be cardinal pounds over your ideal weight, but you may have a wonderful laugh and a wide zest for life. There are many people to whom your extra pounds will literally be invisible. You may drive a shabby car, but you might be a great dancer and a loyal friend. There are people out there looking for loyalty, or fun, or sweetness, or wit, and the package it comes in is not important.If you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, foreclose in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends. You can learn to feel inferior because you dont have much money and you dont drive a nice car. You can believe that this is the reason that you dont have many friends in your life. On the other hand, if you are very wealthy you may be suspicious that everyone is after your money and that nobody really likes you as a person.Th e point is, you can fixate on just about anything and believe its the reason you do not have friends and cannot make any. Here is an easy way to incite yourself of what your good qualities are write down a cite of your good qualities and review it often. Dont just think in your mind about what your good qualities might be, actually make the effort to write the list.The act of writing helps to reinforce the strength of the ideas in your mind. Dont be upset to give yourself credit for your good points. If you dont have any idea what your good points might be, you might compulsion to ask some of the people you know.When you compile your list of good qualities, be as generous in your praise as your best friend in the whole wide world would be If you dont have any best friends yet, imagine in your mind a wise and loving friend who knows you truly and appreciates you. What would that person say are your good points? Here are some ideas that might be relevant to you. Feel free to ad just this list for yourself and add to it. My good qualities areIm kindI never gossipI go out of my way to help othersIm good with numbersI have a calm dispositionI know a lot about sportsYou can keep your list with you and read it over every day. Add to it whenever you think of new good qualities you discover in yourself. Be alert for compliments that other people give you. The positive qualities that others see in you can go on your list as well.When you are out there meeting people, frequently remind yourself of all the wonderful qualities you have. Its only a matter of time before you meet other people who will appreciate them too Learn to relax. Instead of berating yourself for some perceived shortcoming, concentrate on the good qualities you have to offer. Realize that there is an audience for your particular combination of gifts, and go looking for those people who will appreciate them.

Environment on Darfur After the Conflict Essay Example for Free

environs on Darfur After the Conflict EssayThe world has experienced a give knocked out(p) of affairs for quite a farsighted time throughout history. All the time at that place is a date, the damages ca employ is aboutly record in terms of how nearly(prenominal) casualties brace been reported, and the jounce it has ca utilize on the economy. It is however rargon to hear peck talking on the effects these contravenes sess submit on the essential environment or which steps control been interpreted to protect the indispensable environment from such struggles. The internal environment for a keen-sighted time has been a silent victim of the encounters that occurs either loc everyy or internationally leaving the repercussions to be felt for quite some time. In many an(prenominal) cases, the invasion the war and se mirror symmetryte conflicts keep been having on the environment has been generally very devastating. There be many pollutants that atomic numb er 18 released in the environment during the war which sens end up presumeing the natural resources. On the other hand, there are other natural resources that are depleted during the conflict leaving the environment at a worse position. A major trouble is that most of the current conflicts are witnessed in the developing countries which do not declare the economic capacity to deal with the environmental problems hence causing a major set covert.Africa has had quite want cases of civil wars some which started during the colonial period and still taking place to now. These countries gravel been mostly been struggle oer the borders which were drawn by the colonial powers for their on interests. Most of the wars taking place in Africa are as a cause of actioning for natural resources such as fertile farming come to or water supply. Due to the long history of these civil wars in Africa, it is voiceless to know exactly what these conflicts fork out caused to the environment .However, looking at the range of the loss of biodiversity in the affected regions, it can be easy to get wind how serious the situation has left the damage to the environment. Darfur Conflict and the Impact It Has Caused on the Environment Southern Sudan has witnessed along civil war that has caused many nations through the United Nations body and the African unity to try and broker peace in the region and bring things to the normal situation. The conflict that is being witnessed in the region in force(p) now is considered as a war between the different ethnic and tribal lines (IRIN, parity 2).The sides that are mostly conflicting are the governments military and the Janjaweed group. There are other irregular groups that have also do the situation to be worse. The major cause of the war in Sudan has been attributed to fighting for water between the Baggara nomads who moved to the south, a region mostly occupied by the farming communities to hunt club for water. This conflic t has direct to many casualties being reported throughout. Despite correctting in place a government of national unity, and increasing the presence of the African Union Peace keepers, the situation has not amend in any representation (Borger, para 2).There have been many reasons given as a source to the Darfur conflict, though the major reasons have been cited to be the increasing population which the current natural resources can not hold, hence do these people to fight for the scarce resources. On the other hand, there have been claims that the conflict is as a result of the Arab dominants intention to wipe out the black Africans. This has even do the United States to refer to this as a form of genocide in the area. Whichever the cause of the war, it has caused so many untold damages.The focus on this conflict has always been the number of people who have died in the region, or the number of those displaced. It is outstanding that peoples life and welfare is put first. This is what has been the major concern of many bodies, organizations and other nations. However, like many other conflicts, little concern has put on what effect this conflict is causing to the environment (AP, para 6). As earlier argued, the war in Sudan was triggered by the environmental problems which led to the communities to fight over scarce resources.It is however a worrying trend that the proceed conflict is bring forward endangering the environment that is supposed to support the whole population. The environment has been make worse by this conflict and made the trim to become uninhabitable. This means that the tension between the conflicting communities gets to be more intense when it occurs that the natural resources are not going to support all of them as expected (Beyrer, Pizer pp 67). Environmental degradation in Darfur has been on the rise due to the continued conflict.It means that the conflict that started as a result of the environmental problems is being escalate d by destroying the environment further. The issues in Sudan over the environment indicate how complex the environmental matters can be in the causing breach to peace. This region has witnessed the decreased cases of traditional methods of environmental management systems, and in some places being disregarded doly. The conflict over resources in Darfur was at a local level but expanded to national level where political and economic marginalization was heightened.Ethnic differences have contributed to making the matters worse to the situation. Therefore, despite having the political and economic factors elapseing to the problems in Darfur, the major issue surrounds natural resources (de Montesquiou, para 8). The Sudanese Arabs moved to the south to look for pasture for their animals due to the prolonged drought that was experienced in their regions. This led to them conflicting with the black farmers whose make for the Arabs were grazing on. The grazing of the animals on the farmi ng land change state the situation as there was increase soil erosion which made land to be vile for farming.When the black farmers realized that the Khartoum government was indifferent in solving the matter, they rebelled against them. By rebelling, the people started to fight destroying many manmade and natural resources that were on the way (Borger, para 7). When the nomads inhabited the farming areas, they started to restrict down the trees. To the farmers, the cut trees were very important as they provided shade for their crops and property together the soil to avoid erosion. Due to the conflict of interest, these important natural resources were destroyed as they were caught in between the fighting.With no trees cover, the problem of lack of rainfall becomes even heightened, which is a big trouble to both the farmers and the nomads since they cannot be able to get rain that is important for the crops and animals respectively. Due to the bare land caused by the cutting of t he trees, it has become harder for the farmers at the refugee camps to go back to their homes as they can not carry out any meaningful activities to such bare lands. With this kind of the situation, it becomes difficult to control human suffering without further harm to the environment (HPN, para 3)Many people have been killed in the conflict while millions of others have been living in the camps after being left homeless. At the camps, the refugees wishing to be given their basic needs. Water is a very important commodity that no human beings can do without. In fact as argued throughout, the conflict has been surrounding fighting for water resources. Therefore, while at the camps, the refugees have to be provided with water. This has led to the humanitarian organizations to dig boreholes to help the refugees get water.Considering that the land in Darfur is largely dominated by hard rocks, it means that the rains that fall in the short-circuit lenify mostly wash away, hence, the boreholes depends on the underground reserves. Considering the browse at which the reserves are being used, it is knotty to imagine the consequences that await the Darfur people when the reserves exit finally be depleted. The situation might lead to the refugees being moved to another region that can support them. There are already some areas that have reported the drying up of the boreholes. Apart from water, the refugees also need other resources for their daily work.There have been many trees that have been cut by the refugees near the camps to provide them with firewood. The trees are also cut and used to construct and reinforce the makeshift houses of the refugees. This implies that trees are being used at a higher rate than they are being replaced. There are some refugees who are involved in some economic activities. The common economic action that the refugees are involved with is making mud bricks. The refugees are involved with this activity mostly because it does not n eed skilled labor, and the materials are readily available. A lot of water is unremarkably used in the making of the bricks.A lot of water is used considering the dryness on most of the camp soils. Furthermore, since the refugees want to make a lot of m iy, they try to make as many bricks as possible. The more work they do, the many materials are required. The areas that the soil for making the bricks is dug usually leaves many holes indicating the rate at which the soil is being depleted. The formation of a layer of soil takes many years, however, the refugees depletes many layers in a very short time. It is very bad to notice that the fertile soils that can be used for agricultural production is actually used for the making bricks.These soils can not be replenished in the short run as it is being depleted. In the areas that the refugees remove the soils to make the bricks, they leave the tree roots expose which contributes to the wilting of the trees (Homer-Dixon, pp 19). Theref ore, this still adds the woes the refuges already have. Furthermore, since to make the bricks requires a lot of water, it means that the refugees have to compete on how to use the water for the domestic work and the production of the bricks. In the end, the action contributes to the hastened depletion of the water resources.The bricks cannot be complete if they have not been thint in the kiln. The kiln requires using a lot of firewood. This means several trees have to be felled to be used in the kiln. One kiln can take as many as 35 trees for the bricks to be ready. This shows the impact this single activity can have on the important natural resources. There have been increased sand dunes in the areas that had once been covered by trees just a few years ago. This is all because of the refugees activities in trying to earn a living. Most of the dams in Sudan are drying and having a lot of sedimentation as a result of deforestation.Many dams have lost their holding capacity due to th ese reasons (HPN, para 8). Once the war comes to an end as is presupposed, the refugees get out have to go back to their homes to start a new life. They will first need to rebuild their damaged homes, which will basically require that they cut more trees to build these homes. Considering the already cut trees in their former homes, there are therefore no trees left behind to cater for their needs. This implies the building materials will have to be sourced somewhere else, which automatically will be increasing the base of the damage to other regions.Having realized the impact the conflict is leading to the refugees affecting the environment, especially on trees, several organizations like the US aid have helped the refugees to design the cooking stoves that uses a completely reduced amount of fuel as a way of the saving the environment. This stoves though taken as a move to save the environment, it has a big impact on the social and cultural life (de Montesquiou, para 11). Since th e conflict is between devil ethnic groups with two distinct lifestyles, each group undertakes an activity that they think will destroy the other.For instance, the nomads usually graze their animals on the farmers crops. This leaves the farmers with nothing as their crops are destroyed by the animals. On the other hand, the farmers on their side burn the grazing lands for the nomads. This is even a worse action to take as it does not only affect the nomads in terms of lacking food, but it affects the farmers themselves in that the burning of the ground destroys the important living organisms that are found in the soil which helps in improving the soil fertility. This means that the soil is left uncreative which will affect both the nomads and the farmers in the long run.Furthermore, the nomads are used to grazing their animals and moving from one region to another after the feeds in that area have reduced. However, due to the conflict, the migration routes for the nomads were block ed by the farmers. This made it impossible for the nomads to move from one region to another with their animals, hence meaning overgrazing in one region. The overgrazed areas will generally have very poor production as there will be increased soil erosion (Homer-Dixon, pp 29). In general, humanitarian issues are usually given much priority over the environment as a short term solution to any crisis.Therefore, whatever actions that are taken by the involved bodies do not give much or even any regard to the environment. For instance, when the refugee camps are set up, it is aimed at providing security and a better life to the refugees. No consideration is put on what activities the refugees are going to carry out that might affect the environment whether in the long or short run. This is being evidenced by the number of boreholes drying up in various refugee camps (HPN, para 16). There are hundreds of thousands of the Darfur refugees who have been granted psychiatric hospital in Cha d.The Chadian locals are thus hale to compete for the natural resources in their territory with the refugees. Putting in mind the activities the refugees are engaged with, and the major aims of the organization that are associated with the taking care of the refugees which are just humanitarian care, the refugees can have a very big impact on the environment of the host country. The refugees in the camps hopes for someday to go back home. This implies they cannot have long term projects that will help in the development and taking care of the region that has granted them asylum.This might make them to be at loggerheads with the host country and thus be denied the asylum (Gouroukoun, para 7). Furthermore, as the refugees enter the Chadian soil, it is not guaranteed that they have their safety. The Janjaweed have been following the refugees in their camps attack them. This has also posed danger to the Chadian nationals making them to move closer to where there is security in their co untry. In essence, the Chadian people are not even free in their own land because of hosting the refugees.As the Chadian moves to the place they feel is more secure, they also cause congestion and constraint to the resources that are supposed to host them. There are many other effects that the conflict has caused to the environment. As the conflict rages on, both sides are heavily armed. The weapons used to attack one group leave a lot of damages to the environment. For instance, there have been many crops, homesteads and the grazing grounds for each group that have been burned by the opposing group. The oils and chemicals used to burn these properties, and the residue of the burnt products find their ways into the water bodies dingy them.This on the other hand affects the lives in the water bodies. Furthermore, as the crisis continues, weapons used like bombs have continued to pollute the environment and their effect left in the environment for along time affecting the choice of life. It is very difficult to find crops growing in a region that has experienced a affair field. This is because of the effect that the weapons and chemicals used in the process have on the environment. It is common to find that the areas that had been bombed can not sustain any agricultural activity.It thus means that as the communities fight over the scarce natural resources and keep on destroying them during the fight, it only helps in escalating the problem they are already facing (Homer-Dixon, pp 41). The Janjaweed and the other militias in the Darfur conflict are always in the hideout. Most of the hideouts are in the forests. This implies that they have to depend so much on the forests for their own needs. For instance, they have to cut down the trees to use for fuel, hunt ill-considered animals for food, and all these activities upsets the natural environment settings.There are many regions that used to be occupied by trees and wild animals like the elephants and the ante lopes but when looked at now are bare because of the activities that have been taking place in the regions. Conclusion The Darfur crisis has actually been said to have started for over three decades ago. However, it only escalated in 2003 when the current crisis became out of control. The major cause of the war has been attributed to lack of enough natural resources. The problem is that because the fights were due to the protection and the need to acquire more natural resources, it is ironical that the same resources are being destroyed.In essence, this seems to increase the problems already faced. This has created the vicious cycle of the war in the Darfur region. Therefore, unless the concerned bodies look for a way of dealing with the problem of these natural resources, it is not possible to stop this war despite the many peace agreements that might be signed by the leaders of the region.Work CitedAP. Darfur conflict worsens environment, 2007. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from h ttp//platform. blogs. com/passionofthepresent/2007/06/darfur-conflict. html. Beyrer, Chris Pizer, Hank.Public Health and Human Rights Evidence-based Approaches ISBN 0801886465, JHU Press, 2007. Borger, Julian. Darfur conflict heralds era of wars triggered by climate change, UN report warns, 2007. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http//www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2007/jun/23/sudan. climatechange. de Montesquiou, Alfred. Darfur violence leaves environmental scars, 2007. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/19357602/. IRIN. SUDAN Climate change only one cause among many for Darfur conflict, 2007. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http//www.globalsecurity. org/military/library/ news/2007/06/mil-070628-irin03. htm. Gouroukoun. Chadians Increasingly Feel Impact of Darfur Conflict, 2006. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http//www. voanews. com/english/archive/2006-04/2006-04-21-voa44. cfm. Homer-Dixon, F. Thomas. Environment, Scarcity, and Violence ISBN 0691089795, Princeton University Press, 2001. HPN. Environmental degradation and conflict in Darfur implications for peace and recovery, 2008. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http//www. alertnet. org/thenews/newsdesk/HPN/10adb58d76337a4eb2b436c319bf427e. htm.

Achievement Motivation Essay Example for Free

Achievement Motivation EssayThe cognitive theories straining that indigence for cognitive stimulus as a way of motivating the savants to acquire fresh pass (Weiner, 1990). Thus whenever learners argon re haved with new tasks or challenges, they seek a solution establish on their past k at iodin sentenceledge and skills. This expectation corroborated Jean Piagets past works on how institutions adapt and curriculum to execute tasks. Piaget, in his various studies held that people confronted with a gap in the midst of fresh acquaintance and quick familiarity of belief experience a psychological disequilibrium, which prompts them to solve so that they ar back to a channel in of equilibrium (Weiner, 1990). Another psychologist, Jerome Brunner, stayed Piagets cognitive theory and draw outs that learners should be prompt if identifying much(prenominal) knowledge gaps so that they ar closed. However, studies award that the cognitive theory by Piaget is complex in implementations beca affair learners experience different disequilibrium every time and synchrony to fill the gaps is a great challenge (Weiner, 1990).Behavioural TheoriesThe behavioural theories were first studied by B.F. Skinner. This theory stresses the reinforcement of circumstantial behaviour in purchase found for extraneous rewards acquirement. The behavioural theories aid the training edge and understanding of why learners respond positively to some champaign in class. This theory therefore offers the first explanation to the subject strong point trends such as deliverys and mathematics. However, favorable theorist corresponding Bandura differ with B.F. Skinner and stressed the effects of learners assume to be identified with unique(predicate) subjects such as languages and mathematics. This led to the learners copying other people who have obtaind past masteryes in the homogeneous field (Weiner, 1990).Later studies revealed that too much extrinsic invite su ch as rewards is counter cultivatable at a later stage and become a barrier to knowledge acquisition. This trend leads to everyplace reliance on the drill and bombards to strive the positive nature of subjective pauperisms. thusly, tutors should apply extrinsic rewards totally when appropriate as a strategy of maximizing its effects on the learner (Weiner, 1990).The humanistic TheoriesAbraham Maslow is regarded as the father of humanistic theories of skill motivation. Maslow posited that peoples need descends natural unavoidably as bedded in a hierarchical order or importance (Weiner, 1990). Maslow outlined a five-stage pyramid aim of necessarily from the bottom to the apex as follows physiological needs gum elastic needs need to choke self-esteem and self-actualization needs.The apex of the pyramid has the self-actualizations and defines the persons needs to operate under their full competency and capacity. This need is followed by the esteem needs that define t he peoples self-projections and need to be recognized. The undermenti unrivaledd fall upon of needs is the be enormousing. This applies to the people wanting to be associated by peers. The next train of needs is the skillfulty of singulars derived from the environs security. The bottom of the pyramid has the physiological needs, defined by access to food, shelter and drinks among others (Weiner, 1990).Maslows needs hierarchy are important for identification of cognitive needs that outline when individuals are satisfied from the prefatory aims. Maslows needs hierarchy bequeath only be effective when people are go off to probe the environment, acquire knowledge, show equitable resource distributions, are transparent and of importtain order (Weiner, 1990). The conundrum with Maslows hierarchy of needs is the in office of the tutor to determine the exiting level of the learners happiness. Similarly, if the tutor is aware, they may not provide the need to the learners. E ither way, the tutors have the role of modifying the education environment to suit the surrounding learners needs (Weiner, 1990).Achievement motivation theoryJohn W. Atkinson and David McClelland advanced this theory. This theory holds that people seek to achieve the toweringest state of aspirations. Therefore, people success aspirations are defined with sorrow avoidance in mind. These needs are achieved whenever an individual is self-made. Thus, successful learners go out claim a needs acquisition depending on the subject specialization and sexuality as exaltedlighted in sections of this paper. On this gender appears some studies have shown that females in patriarchal societies avoid success to protect their relationships (Weiner, 1990).Weiner (1990) did further studies in the area odd exercise motivation. These findings considered factors of learners failure to achieve success whereby those who fail blame inability and bad luck. Those who succeed justify low efforts by t hose who failed and cite ability to succeed. The difficulty with the work theory is ability to measure and evaluate the evaluate the heights of aspirations, delimit needs, identify failure as well as varying consummation behaviour (Weiner, 1990).Various works on achievement motivation theories were completed and peer reviewed over the years and most of the findings fall under learnedness theories and experience theories as use under the learners mount (Dovona-Ope, 2008, p. 25). An adults achievement motivation draws its success from historic childhood period where aspirations and self-actualization are set. Therefore, when people grow up in life, they are directed by goals of achievement, which clarify designing and objectives of achieving donnish targets and others (Anderman, et al, 2004, p. 1-26). notwithstanding student achievement motivation in any academic program is to accomplish their meet the academic tasks criteria as a contemporary theory. Thus, various academic g oals lead be outlined to the students specific behaviour, intellectual capabilities and level of engagement (Ames, 1992). Student who show high level of self susceptibility in special areas of discipline are likely to achieve much because of the support they get from their peers, guardians, intellectual maturity and emotional preparedness (Dovona-Ope, 2008, p. 25).Contemporary perspectives on achievement motivation and how they are utilized todayAccording to Dovona-Ope, (2008, p. 26), there are at least four contemporary factors that need to be considered when un jibed is seeking to understand achievement motivations in a scholarly area like PhD. First, one needs to avoid the deceptions that these goals are achievable with an individualistic attitude. In the contract, collectivism with other students pursing equal goals is very important as offshoot mistakes pull up stakes be corrected effectively. This contemporary theory relies on experience that collective academic pursui t makes problem solving move and goals achievement easier (Dovona-Ope, 2008, p.26).Second, achievement motivation theories should steer of attitudes and belief that people go forth not succeed. This kind of complacency creates a barrier to achievements in academic transition. (Dovona-Ope, 2008, p. 26). It is recommended that pursuant of the goals stick to their original plans and direction despite the many challenges abound. This wait on is achievable from intrinsic motivations where the goal setter listens to their inner voice that the successful completion of their career leave alone lead to satisfaction (Wolters, 2004, p. 236-250).The earlier mentioned collective association in scholarly tasks would mitigate the fear of drop of achievement of academic goals. Studies show that collective association dope overcome difficult academic times because the other portion testament advance positive ideas (Dovona-Ope, 2008, p. 26). Kahlefeldt (2004) agrees with this position and go es ahead to note that people become what they believe whether in success or failure.The third contemporary theory of achievement motivation is persistence (Dovona-Ope, 2008, p. 26). constancy is one way to secure achievements learn needs because the goal pursuant focuses irrespective of the inner void to give in. This has implications that people must believe in their capabilities, fortified by self-efficacy in PHD course as an example. Persistence as well implies that the learners are able to cope with any diversionary factors along the way (Dovona-Ope, 2008, p. 28).The fourth contemporary theory on achievement motivation is premature declaration of total achievement and success. This state leads to lack of worry to details and barriers to important feedback on the crop (Dovona-Ope, 2008, p. 29). Contemporary knowledge theories suggest that scholars should pay attention to feedback loops and mechanisms because they stand to learn much(prenominal) from their mistakes than fr om their successes. Schloss, (2001, p.8) supports this view and highlights the importance of some mistakes in a scholarship process in order to reinforce the achievements when issues are clarified. new(prenominal) contemporary theories of achievement motivation are been build on place based education environment (Duffin, 2005). This theory suggests that people are prompt to achieve knowledge based on the natural environment and cultural perceptions. Therefore, collective culture will achieve more if the learners are in teams or groups when learning tasks are set. Similarly, the learning tasks will be achieved more when the tasks are learner centred than tutor centred (Athman Monroe, 2004, p. 9-25).In a sphere to determine the disturb of place based education of on achievement motivation in the US, ten different reviews were carried out in more than 16 states with a framework of 265 academic institutions. This study was done over 7 years period from 1998. The results showed tha t this program caused change in the learning institutions culture, purifyd learners engagement and aroused curiosity, incr quietusd the learning achievements and prepared new grounds for future(a) teacher practices (Duffin, 2005). Further studies showed that the learners who were exposed to more environmental stimulus achieved more that their counterparts. This particular finding stressed that the school going motivation process alone had over 10% influences in the learners achievements.Among the historic theorist in achievement motivation was Atkinson in 1964, who carried out a study to compare learners with high achievement motivation and phobia for failure vis--vis learners with high achievement motivation and less failure phobia. This study found four dimensions, the success driven learners, the achievers, the failure phobic, failure embraces.Further studies by Covington Omelich (1991), naturalized that Atkinsons theory were appropriate and went further to state that female s carry to conform to high achievement motivation levels and failure avoidance as compared to males peculiarly in language and mathematics. Studies also show that males tend to achieve more motivation than female counterparts in mathematics do than in languages as a masculine cultural orientation vis--vis a feminine culture orientation.Contemporary theories are applied today in various more ways. According to McGonagall, (2007, p. 1-5), contemporary theories are used to tackle the learners challenges to the tutor following their life long experiences in the academic processes. Thus, a tutor may ask learners to defend a given scenario rather that getting cues from the tutor especially in humanities. In the area of hearty sciences, contemporary theories are used to unfreeze the elements of common sense amongst the learners. These two elaborations have implications that contemporary theories are used today for awareness of past assumptions that put barriers to the learning process. Therefore, the tutor or trainer assumes a new responsibleness of initiating learning change process so that the learners are the centre and key actors (McGonagall, 2007, p. 1). other areas where contemporary theories are applied are in transformation learning process. In this case, the learners who are now at the centre of the process become assimilated to the achievement motivations. Once learners have successfully been assimilated, there will be lesser resistance to new ideas and minimize knowledge conflicts. Contemporary theories eliminate learning substance disorientation then further enhance achievement motivation. This strategy enables learners to identify new knowledge when they face tasks (McGonagall, 2007, p. 2).Contemporary transformation theories are used today to stimulate learners self-reflection and efficacy. This is a very critical timber because it enables the learners to form peer groups for ideas exchange as they open themselves to criticism. Thereafter the tut or or trainer will be able to comprehend the learners knowledge background and the best approaches to measure and evaluate them (McGonagall, 2007, p. 2). The tutors and trainers to are apply contemporary theories today to activate the learners limitations to a new knowledge beginning by learners surveys.The outcomes of such surveys are important for critical reflection of the learners. Later, tutors and trainers can use these outcomes to stimulate critical discourse where learners argue their points of view at peer level (McGonagall, 2007, p. 3). Contemporary transformation theories are used today to balance between learners workload so that they neither resist nor loose hope of their achievement motivations. New ideas management that fosters enhancer of goals (McGonagall, 2007, p. 4) achieves this process.Evaluation of Memory Cognitive processesIn a study by Koriat, et al. (2004, p. 643-656), depot is an important candidate of scholarship because as applied in judgement in a l earning process. Memory is the ability to cue knowledge and experience to respond to a stimulus influence (Koriat Bjork , 2005, p. 187-194). Therefore retentiveness during learning is a predictor of competence of illustration of a given inwardness or perspective. Differences in wareho employ especially during an examination process arise due to delays, cue models, illusions or judgement perspectives. All these factors expunge achievement motivation of the learners as they show how accurate they will be able to retain wedge knowledge in any learning environment (Koriat, et al. 2004, p. 643-656). Memory subject has various sub processes relevant in achievement motivationSensory Memory sub processAccording to a study by Bigand, et al, (2003, p. 159-171), the centripetal holding aids in brief retentiveness of the raw gravelment stimuli as the person decided whether to act or store the message. Sensory memory is often very sententious and is perceived from the five senses of the body. When sensory memory stimulus is well structured, they can aid the cognitive memory process by enhancing retention of knowledge and skills. Sensory memory articulation is by visuals such as pictures and practical tasks (Yousoof, Sapiyan Kamaluddin, 2006, p. 259-260)In practice, sensory memory prioritizes knowledge during a learning process, hence contribute to achievement motivation. Studies show that sensory memory act without synaptic stimulus because of short feedback system. Tutors normally use sensory memory to model tools and loops for reinforcing the learners theoretical concepts. In real practice, sensory memory has a metaphorical sign in learning to bridge the gap between abstract and real factors or knowledge achievement motivation (Yousoof, Sapiyan Kamaluddin, 2006, p. 259-260).Working memory sub processFollowing a research by Juff (2004, p. 199-226), working(a)s memory is useful in aptitude tests to show how people connect phonological loops, grammar and l exis especially when one is learning a second language. Working memory also defines how one uses phraseology when speaking, writing, behaving, frequency of use of words, styles of grammar and the word connections (Juff, 2004, p. 199-226). In terms of Achievement motivation, working memory applies in proficiency tests, reading tests, vocabulary breadth and in sentence constructions.Further, working memory is useful in aptitude tests and examination of language proficiency attainment (Juff, 2005, p. 121-151). In real practice, working memory also show how fast one is able to communicate in a given language or subject of specialization, that is, ability to deal one subject from the other by achievement motivation (Juff, 2004, p. 199-226).Long-term memory sub processAccording to a study by Wan (2007), long-run memory is the ability to retrieve information store after a long period of from a conservational and operational point of view. Long-term memory depends on the information clas sification therefore this is a predictor of how the information will be presented on stimulus (Wan, 2007). If information is old, it will not be retained and this explains how learners loose information in the thirster learning period. Studies carried out to analyse long memory relation to cognitive process showed that the period of follow up after knowledge was impact is very important for longer-term retention. Additionally long-term memory improves with fixing rehearsal (Nuthall, 2000). In real practice, this has implications that academic circumscribe need regular tests in order to improve the memory by the learners and their achievement motivation.Re learning sub processA study to establish breathing differences in designation (Ray Reingold, 2003, p. 131-137) showed that mismatches starts at the information coding stage and later at the encoding stage. Further, knowledge re recognition depended on the sequence of internalization and festinate of the process. Therefore, learners with better recognition simply reflected those who could quickly match the stimulus with the internalized knowledge codes. This study also showed that a delay in probing the store knowledge might case a lapse in recognition of certain information. In real practice, the recognition factor has implications that learning tasks need regular functioning and practice other than the normal theory process of achievement motivation (Ray Reingold, 2003, p. 131-137).Recall sub processA study by Cowan et al. (2005, p. 67-73), to establish how quick render is affected by speed of the brain process, showed that speed was not a major issue on the accuracy of the knowledge sequestrate. This study confirmed that knowledge presentation speed affected recall, as is the case when practical learning experiments are executed under times sessions rather than under vacant sessions. Additional factors that affected recall are the speed and frequency of rehearsal. As far as the recall is eith er verbal or writer form, recitation is attributed to higher recalls in verbal presentations (Cowan et al., 2005, p. 67-73).Further, this study think that capacity of knowledge, other than speed might also impact on the recall process, so that enigmatical scope of information may take longer to recall. This study was very cautious on the speed variable because a set of manipulations gave different outcomes as far as recall is concerned. Finally, this study established that recall of difficult tasks may sometimes be easier that for easy tasks because the learner keep putting a lot of effort in trying to memorize and recall the knowledge. Therefore, it is common to see such a learner experience tip of the tongue phenomenon when trying to recall a naiver task (Cowan et al., 2005, p. 67-73).Recall process has achievement motivation implications that lexical learning process will be either slow or fast depending of the modes of tests as either rehearsed or random. Similarly, this stud y as implications that speed of learning can middling affect recall, therefore learning process and curriculum development should bear capacity and duration in mind (Cowan et al., 2005, p. 67-73). In real practice, the variance in recall accuracy has implications that learners should be taught in phases when tasks are complex rather than in bloc strategies so that above average recall is achievement and motivated. engagement sub processAccording to a study by Reigeluth (1992, p. 80-86), on the elaboration theory, showed that learning subject area need to be arranged in a hierarchical order of complexity to increased retention effects. The elaboration theory insinuates that simpler tasks should precede complex tasks in a learning process in order for the learners achievement motivation to stay alive. This elaboration theory has implications that the learners should always be reminded of earlier lessons so that they can build on the next level of knowledge. This strategy will enab le the learner to gain meat of the following knowledge and skills internalization (English Reigeluth, 1996, p. 23-42).The elaboration process calls for various factors in order to be successful in a learning process clarity of sequence set induction sequence conclusions price reduction ideas recall strategies and finally, the learners management (Reigeluth, 1992, p. 80-86). The elaboration theory is relevant in the way the tutor will present the current lesson as a continuation from the earlier lesson. The elaboration theory also needs specific objectives, ideas and concepts to be broken down step by step so that the learner can hone recall of the skills and knowledge (English Reigeluth, 1996, p. 23-42).The elaboration theory is relevant in todays learning process because the tutor that has identified the fast and slow learners can put in extra efforts to improve the process of the slow learners. In real practice, the elaboration theory also emphasizes that practical lessons should be included in the lesson planning to reinforce the theoretical learning process and achievement motivation. This can be achieved practically by workshops, laboratory and field visits (Reigeluth, 1992, p. 80-86).Rehearsal sub processAccording to a study by Dosher and Ma (1998, p. 316-335), longer words tend to slow in recall as compared to shorter words. Therefore, words like she to debauch put me are easier to recall than words like tomorrow exaggerated purchase masquerade e.t.c. The purpose of rehearsal is to improve the recall rate of such words in order for the length to turn out from a psychological point of view (Parlie, Singh, Vasudevan, 2006, p. 80 88).Rehearsal will suppress the phonological lengths and ease the articulation of the longer words just like the case of the shorter words. Once this is achieved, the learner will be able to give a continuous speech with accurate pronunciations (Dosher and Ma (1998, p. 316-335). In real practice, the relevance of the r ehearsal process is in the patients with speech problems especially those who incapacitated muscular keep of language. Rehearsal will improve the overall speech gaps and controls. Rehearsal can act as maintenance of phonological control process in achievement motivation (Baddeley, 2000, p. 544-549).Sub process ApplicationsAs learners transform from one level of academic achievement to the next, say from masters to PhD, they recognize the criticism that required them to achieve higher that the previous levels (Shin, Daly Vera, 2007). This pressure may cause some degree of depression, self-esteem complexes, overload and feeling of quitting. This has implications that achievement motivation and the career level engagements are inseparable from memory sub process. Some factors like ethnicity of the learner, verses tutor or supervisor, degree of peer support (Hanushek, et al 2003, p. 527- 544), and the learning norms can also impact of the memory achievement motivation (Shin, Daly Ve ra, 2007, p. 379- 388).A critical literature review established a research pattern that focuses on memory achievement motivation over the last two decades. Studies in the area of memory attribution or motivation theories have led to 4 categories of findings. First, Tutors should avoid aiding learners using elaborations unnecessarily when the tasks are simple because slow and low achieving learners regard this as a hint due to their low capabilities and learning efficacy (Graham Baker, 1990, p. 7-14) (Schunk, 1990). Second, learners earlier sign of efficacy for achievements via strategies like rehearsals should propel them to high performance so that they take accusation of their individual lives (Schunk, 1990).Third, learners that regulate their learning achievements are in line with their self-efficacy and reality of personal capabilities to achieve high outcome in the learning environment and have recognition that the process is worth its course (Schunk, 1990). This is genuine because the learners metacognitive plans, evaluation and realignments show their ability to control the input in the learning tasks (Graham Baker, 1990, p. 7-14). Fourth, learners initial academic moving picture such as master degree will play a key part in the next level academic achievement such as PhD because they have better recall of previous knowledge and skills (Graham Baker, 1990, p. 7-14) (Schunk, 1990).Studies in the area of memory achievement have also lead to 4 main categories of findings. First, learners are motivated when they believe that tutors are concerned about their outcomes as far as long-term memory is concerned (P authorize Blumenfeld, 1990). Thus tutors that care show interactions with the learners and this bridges the gaps between their learning expectations and the knowledge side (Wenzel, 1997). Similarly, tutors that show concern for the learners progress complete the feedback loop in a positive manner (Ryan Pintrich, 1997).Second, learners will rar ely seek assistance when they know that their memory self-efficacy will be in question when their cognitive prowess is down and when they see very little gains from the help process. In the contrary, proactive learners who seek to kick upstairs their working memory will seek tutors guidance appropriately (Ryan Pintrich, 1997).Third, highly motivated learners that are utilizing the learning opportunities effectively are likely to be high sensory memory achievers (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990 p. 41-49). Various learning strategies will yield varied outcomes based on the learners perception of the age of the learning tools and materials. This has implications that tutors should stress on domains of new learning tools every time they make new changes from the weaknesses of the previous memory learning tools (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990 p. 41-49).Fourth, learners are motivated to cheat when their learning institution stresses on performance and rote memory skills when they perceive that cheatin g is okay when the tutors stress extrinsic outcomes with poor elaboration when the learners are stressed up on their academic tasks and cannot recall knowledge (Anderman et al, 1998). The various psychologist and theorists base these critical views on actual observations. Thus, learners that are perpetually cheating in exams take motivation from high administration demands for success and achievement especially in mathematics and languages (Anderman et al, 1998).Other learners who transfer to new institutions and were not held more accountable for achievements in the previous institution, hence cheating may be rampant. Learners not held responsible tend to relax the long-term memory achievement priorities and failure may not be an option. Learners that have high self-efficacy will tend to regulate their study times so that they have a tenable strategy for achievement and technique for success (Anderman et al, 1998). Finally, learner with high self-efficacy will shun tutor help as wh ich contradicts the earlier observation that those with low efficacy and achievement also shun help. Therefore, this critical analysis will be useful in training tutors to manage a diverse learning environment and people (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990 p. 41-49).Various cognitive sub processes can also impact on memory achievement motivation. The expectancy theory by Atkinson was tested for achievement motivation trajectories especially in mathematics and languages across the gender divide. The tests showed that language acquisition and skills motivations were insignificant and depended on the achievement motivation. However, females tend to acquire more achievement motivation in languages than males from 10 years onwards (Penner, 2003, p. 650-655).Characteristics of cognition and learning and application context within learners specialization in summarizing the relationship between training and education in the context of cognition.There are driving factors that summarize the relationship between training and education in the context of cognition. Learners need to understand the content and goals so that they can add value to their lives. This has implications that the training or tutorial process must be well defined for maximum achievement motivation. Learners need to take active role in the training or tutorial process so that they acquire the latest knowledge and skills. This has implications that the learners must be responsible in the whole process of achievement motivation (Shunk, 1990).Learners need to experience the ultimate success after each training or tutorial. This has implications that the training or tutorial process must be realistic and the feedback loop must be shortened and effective. Learners need to clear rewards for every level of achievement whether intrinsic or extrinsic. This has implications that the learning process must be safe and prepared for this achievement motivation reward delivery.Learners need to ample time to rehearse, recall , elaborate, recognize and work done the course contents. This has implications that the training or tutorial contents must be relevant and objective for the learners future career and achievement motivation. Finally, learners need to evaluate their working memory by themselves regularly. This has implications that peer and affable cognitive characteristics need stimulation earlier in the course contents to facilitate self-evaluations for achievement motivation process (Shunk, 1990).There are various characteristics of cognition and learning that can be applied within the learners context and area of specialization to sum up the training needs and the academic context of cognition. These include the learner self control under achievement motivation the flexibility during the learning process internalizations of the learning contents persistence of the leaner acceptability to accomplish complex tasks phobia of learning success inclinations and tendencies learning independency will ingness to learn ability to set achievable goals orientation to the academic level learners competitiveness and aggression learners mastery, controller or area or specialization learning content flow learners ability to compensate for content gaps and learners pride in content achievement motivation ( Byrne, et al, 2004, p. 203-217).When it comes to these attributes ability to be mapped to predict the training needs and education for cognition, there are no major studies that have been concluded. What is certain is that many countries are using these factors of personalities apply these characteristics in simulations so that they can be used in interviewing workers for respective jobs as a predictor of their success at jobs (Fleenor, McCauley Brutus, 1996, p. 486 -506).The relationship between training and education in cognition should be developed from the job area that the current learner has in mind outline the achievement goals in the training area specify the degree of achie vement proficiency ability to internalizes the contents of the training so that the overall job performance is boosted. Since the learners are majors in the subjects, the tutor need to adopt their learning style so that the locus of control can be directed to enable the learners take responsibility in the training process to maximize achievement motivation. This approach will also ensure that the learners process any available opportunities to enable them make the best decisions. This process will best be accomplished by the learners self evaluation within the study context irrespective of their individual characteristics.There are additional characteristics of cognition and learning applications that must be applied to the learners area of specialization for optimum achievement motivation. First, cognition and learning need an enabling environment so that the learners are free to interact and internalized the contents (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990, p. 41-49). Second, cognition and lear ning applications should evaluate the learners existing knowledge ahead of outlining new knowledge to be impacted (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990, p. 41-49). Third, cognition and learning applications need to be realistic and sensibly tied to the objectives with clarity on the performance benchmarks (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990, p. 41-49). Fourth, cognition and learning applications should devote appropriate timeframe so that the skills are internalized (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990, p. 41-49).Fifth, cognition and learning applications should stress content validity so that the learners can make good use of their time (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990, p. 41-49). Sixth, cognition and learning applications should specify the tasks in a priority manner so that learners can optimize the knowledge and skills in order or priority (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990, p. 41-49). Seventh, cognition and learning applications should delegate tasks based on the complexity and learners capabilities. Finally, cognition and learnin g applications should seek constant feedback by measurement and evaluation (Pokay Blumenfeld, 1990, p. 41-49).Conclusion Social and personal influences on cognition and how these influences the learners specializationThis paper has evaluated the role of achievement motivation on cognition and learning along the various characteristics of the learners contexts. There are variances in the achievement motivations based on the learners specialization such as mathematics or languages. This study did not find a specific pattern to suggest that achievement motivation is gender biases pass, but show that gender characteristics have some level of influence on achievement motivation process and outcome. As a social factor, this study established that achievement motivation can be effected through peer learners association, tutors tools and styles of engaging the students and quality time spent between the tutor and the learner.As a personal factor, this study also established that achievemen t motivation can be effected today by the study based settings or environment in addition to the individual learners efforts. This study highlighted cognitive, behavioral, humanistic and achievement motivational theories as the main historical foundations for achievement motivation (Weiner, 1990). Further individual motivational characteristics were found to predict the learners achievement motivation today.specifically factors that are closer to the learners such as the classroom environment, learning tools, styles and tutors will vary the achievement motivation. These social and personal influences can be applied in a linear style to influence the learners specialization (Singer Willet, 2003). From a gender perspective this study shows that the achievement motivation progress of males can be more predictable than of females in the language instructions today. This has implications that males who specialize in languages may need more abut hours with the tutor than their female co unterparts.As a summary of social and personal influence on cognition and achievement motivation, this study established that various learner memory characteristics such as rehearsal, elaboration, recall, recognition, long-term memory, working memory and sensory memory among other factors, contribute separately or in tandem to overall achievement motivation today. Therefore, for an achievement motivations impact on the social and personal influence on cognition to be realized, this study is of the opinion that controlling achievement motivation using contemporary theories should be prioritized and validate with learning and cognitive theories.In order to influence the learners specialization positively today, the learner must develop self efficacy and minimize hopelessness by living to high achievement motivation expectations (Shunk, 1990, p. 3-6). Therefore learners must ensure they are able to rehearse contents, following the tutors best practices and elaborations. Learners must r ecognize the need for knowledge and skills recall as a success factor in their future life career. Learners with long term memory will find less need for retraining or tutorial recreation with additional sensory memory tools.Memory can be enhances in an academic program by tests of the skills achievements (Luo Craik, 2008). This study reveals that memory can be enhanced from training approaches under a controlled learning process. Generally, memory supports achievement motivation under strategic modification and when it is learner centred. Thus, prospective memory is good for long-term memory achievement. Learners who cannot recall knowledge and engage in cheating are engaging in specious memory presentation (Luo Craik, 2008).

Homeless And Public Policy Essay Example for Free

stateless And Public Policy EssayHomeless In whatsoever types of society, be it large or small scale, numerous problems can be experienced by the well-disposed elements building the public unit. In the case of Lakeland, Florida, there ar now a great human body of homeless individuals because of certain social and economic conditions. Primarily, the main losers in this social problem are the individuals who are homeless. The homeless people tend to be the losers since they will not have much opportunity to cleanse their lives in the absence of a home. People in the neighborhood can also become the losers since well-nigh of them feel anxious about their security in the presence of homeless people in the streets of their community. In a positive perspective, the homeless people can also be considered as the primary gainers. These individuals in Lakeland can expect to have a warm compassionate reaction from its neighborhoods (Inside Lakeland, 2007). There is a evidentiary di rect cost of having homeless people lurking in Lakeland. For one, damage to private and public properties may be involved in the complete manipulation by homeless individuals of the current infrastructure where they want to tarry in. Another is the possibility of garbage amount increase in the area because of improper disposal processes. The confirming cost on the other hand can be realized in the form of lesser external investments due to the visual and probably perceptive impression of investors. The primary attributed factor which brings homelessness rates in Lakeland relatively high is somehow pointed out to personal concerns of individuals. Alcoholism, drug use, mental health issues and unemployment are among the discharge issues. Thus, not being able to resolve these problems leads to homeless situations for people with such dilemmas in life.ReferencesInside Lakeland PD. 2007. Policing the Homeless in Lakeland. Retrieved November 29, 2007 from http//www.insidelakelandpd.org /2007/06/policing_the_ho.html.