Rasputin Bibliography Essay Example

Rasputin Bibliography Paper The Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty It can be argued that Grigory Rasputin was responsible for the fall of the Romanov Dynasty to an extent. There are many aspects that Rasputin was the cause for Nicholas and his family losing their powers over the people of Russia. It is believed that Rasputin was only the catalyst that brought about widespread revolt. Rasputin played a very important role in the lives of the royal family, especially to the Tsar and Tsarina’s only son , Tsarevich Alexei, who was suffering a lot of pain from the disease Haemophilia. Rasputin was regarded as the last means to an end to cure the Tsar and the Tsarina’s haemophiliac son. They had tried to find a cure everywhere for their son and in 1905 ask the peasant healer to help. In 1908 when Alexei was seriously ill, Rasputin was called to Royal palace where he managed to stop the bleeding. From then on the Tsar referred to Rasputin as â€Å"our friend† displaying to the people the amount of trust they had in Rasputin. Tsar Nicholas II couldn’t stop the progression of revolution as he came to rule at a difficult time. He was out of touch with his people and was known as a leader that was no good, weak, hesitant; and extremely hard-headed. Tsar Nicholas II was at the time mainly concerned with his family issues instead of being focused on the political issues. He was also not prepared to efficiently rule a country where there was a massive variety of people with different languages, race, religion; and culture. It is reported that during Nicholas’s earlier years while his father was still in power, that he found government meetings boring and was not interested in the affairs of state. The Tsar wanted the country to still be ruled as an autocracy where the peasants and the working class had extremely below average standard of living, while the royal family live in a life filled with riches and extravagances. Tsar Nicholas undertook absolute command of the Russian army fighting on the Eastern Front in September 1915. As he spends most of time at the general headquarters (G. H. Q) the Tsarina now has taken over the responsibilities for domestic policy. We will write a custom essay sample on Rasputin Bibliography specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rasputin Bibliography specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rasputin Bibliography specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Over the duration of the next few months, the Tsarina dismissed ministers and their deputies in extremely hasty progression; during this time Rasputin served as the Tsarina’s advisor. Alexander Kerensky stood as a democratic socialist as a member of the Duma complained and states that â€Å"The Tsarinas blind faith in Rasputin led her to seek his counsel not only in personal matters but also on questions of state policy. General Alekseyev, held in high esteem by Nicholas II, tried to talk to the Tsarina about Rasputin, but only succeeded in making an implacable enemy of her. General Alexseyev told me later about his profound concern on learning that a secret map of military operations had found its way into the Tsarinas hands. But like many others, he was powerless to take any action. † The Word War I was the final impact that resulted in the fall of the Romanov Dynasty. When the war was announced there was a sensation of national pride, and everyone wanted to help out as best as they could. As the war commenced, it started to wear out resources and poorly trained peasants were forced to do the fighting where they weren’t equipped with weapons. Because of the lack of resources such as equipment and food, the army suffered a massive defeat by Germany who was more advanced and highly technologically advanced. As the war continued the casualties began to rise, in 1915 the war was the cause of over two million deaths. Due to the peasants fighting in the war there was no one to work with-in village because of this there was extreme food and goods shortage. The spirit of Russia began to decrease as losses on the battleground also including the unavailability of food and fuel took its toll on the people. The Tsar was responsible for the army’s defeat. Tsar Nicholas II lack of preparation into his role as a leader was initially one of the reason as to why the Romanov Dynasty failed. Many people blamed Rasputin for the fall of the Romanov Empire due to his close relationship to the Tsarina Alexandra, where she was heavily influenced by Rasputin and then in turn she influenced the Tsar. The Tsar was a ruler that was behind times instead of modernising his country; he chose to keep the country the way it was when his father was ruling. Many of his people wanted to revolutionize the country and move into a more advanced country. The Tsar was too stubborn to make decision on the advancement of Russia and chose to ignore it. Therefore Tsar Nicholas II was responsible for the fall of the Romanov Dynasty as the people wanted change. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Grigori Efimovich Rasputin [online] http://www. alexanderpalace. com/2006rasputin/index. html [accessed 19th March 2011] * Grigori Rasputin Biography [Online] http://www. biographybase. com/biography/rasputin_grigori. html [accessed 19th March 2011] * Gregory Rasputin: Biography. [Online] http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/RUSrasputin. htm [accessed 19th March 2011] * Gilliard, P. Thirteen Years at the Russian Court. 2008 [Online] http://www. alexanderpalace. org/2006pierre/chapter_XII. html [accessed 19th March 2011] * The Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty [Online] http://www. docshare. com/doc/162390/The-Decline-AndFall-Of-The-Romanov-Dynasty [accessed 23rd March 2011] * Radzinsky, E. 2001, The Rasputin File. Anchor Books * Shukman, H. 2009, Rasputin: An Introduction. The History Press [ 1 ]. Gregory Rasputin: Biography. [Online] http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/RUSrasputin. htm [Date Accessed 18th March 2011]

What Is A Good SAT Essay Score

What Is A Good SAT Essay Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT Essay scoring can be tricky to figure out. Maybe you've already created target goals for your SAT score, following our guide, so you at least have that score goal set. But where does your essay score fit into all this? What is a good SAT essay score? This article will answer those questions. Note: The information in this article is for the old (pre-March-2016) SAT essay, which was scored out of 12 and part of the Writing section. Scores for the March 2016 SAT were only released May 10th, 2016, which means that data on percentiles and averages aren't going to be available for a while yet. We'll update this article as soon as the information comes out. feature image credit: Doing Great by Eli Christman, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. What Is the SAT Essay Out Of? Before you can know what a good SAT essay score is, you need to know how many points you can get total on the essay. So what's the SAT essay out of? Currently, the SAT essay is scored on a scale of 1 to 6 by two graders, for a total essay score out of 12. Your essay is scored holistically, which means you don’t get bumped down to a certain essay grade if you make, for instance, a certain number of comma errors. Instead, SAT essay scorers use the SAT essay rubric to grade your essay as a whole. Note: SAT essay scoring will change beginning with the March 2016 SAT. For more information on that change, read our other articles on the new SAT essay prompts and the new SAT essay. What Is a Good SAT Essay Score? As with most things on the SAT, a good essay score depends on what your goals are. These goals should be concrete and determined by the colleges you’re applying to - after all, if your reach schools have an average essay score of 9, then there's no need to burn yourself out trying to get that elusive 12. To some extent, your essay score goal will also be influenced by your performance on the multiple choice section of SAT Writing. If you do better on multiple-choice questions, you may be able to cut yourself some slack in the essay department. But how do figure out what your SAT Writing (and SAT essay) goals should be? Use our three-step process, explained below. Step 1: Know Your Target SAT Writing Score If you’ve read our free ebook on calculating your target SAT score, you may already have figured out your target SAT Writing score. If not, it's time to calculate it! I'll walk through the process using the example of Virginia Commonwealth Unversity. First, download this worksheet. It's designed for calculating your target SAT score out of 2400, so you'll have to modify it a little bit. Fill in the schools you want to apply to in the leftmost column. Here's what the worksheet will look like for Virginia Commonwealth University: Next, google "[name of school] average SAT writing" to get the middle 50% of all SAT Writing scores. For instance, if you're interested in Virginia Commonwealth University, you'd do the following search: There'll usually be a collegeapps.about.com link that has this information. Sometimes (as you can see above) the college website will also pop up, so you can use that to double-check your numbers. You're looking for the 25th and 75th percentile scores on the SAT Writing section. A quick refresher on what "percentile scores" mean: 25th percentile means that 25% of the students attending have a score at or below that number (below average). The 75th percentile means that 75% of students have a score at or below that number (above average). In essence, the 25th/75th percentile score range covers the middle 50% of all students admitted to Virginia Commonwealth University. If the sites don’t list a specific SAT Writing score range, you can divide the top and bottom of the overall SAT score range by 3 to get a general idea of what your Writing score needs to be. In this case, there is information about the SAT Writing score range, so we can fill that in on the worksheet: Do the same for all of the schools you want to apply to. Include dream or â€Å"reach† schools, but don’t include â€Å"safety schools† (schools you think you have at least a 90% chance of getting into). Once you've filled in the information for all of the schools you want to apply to, average the 25th percentile and 75th percentile columns, then choose a target SAT Writing score with that information. As it says on the worksheet, we recommend that you take the 75th percentile score as your target SAT Writing score. It'll give you a very strong chance of getting into the schools you’ve listed. If you’re applying to humanities programs, you may even want to consider a higher score target for SAT Writing. Step 2: Find an Official SAT Writing Score Chart The next step is to take a look at an SAT Writing score chart to find out the range of essay scores that will get you your target SAT Writing score. The chart will differ in precise score differences from test to test, but it can at least give you a broad idea of the range. Let's say that your target SAT Writing score is 576 (rounded up to 580). I've highlighted this in green in the following SAT Writing score chart (from an official SAT practice test): Writing MC Raw Score Essay Raw Score 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 49 800 800 800 800 790 760 750 730 720 710 690 680 48 800 800 780 770 750 720 710 690 680 670 650 640 47 790 770 760 740 720 700 680 660 650 640 630 620 46 770 750 740 720 700 680 660 650 630 620 610 600 45 750 740 720 710 690 660 650 630 620 610 590 580 44 740 730 710 690 670 650 630 620 600 590 580 570 43 730 710 700 680 660 640 620 600 590 580 560 550 42 720 700 680 670 650 630 610 590 580 570 550 540 41 700 690 670 660 640 610 600 580 570 560 540 530 40 690 680 660 650 630 600 590 570 560 550 530 520 39 690 670 650 640 620 590 580 560 550 540 520 510 38 680 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 540 530 510 500 37 670 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 520 500 490 36 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 490 35 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 510 500 490 480 34 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 480 470 33 630 620 600 590 570 540 530 510 500 490 470 460 32 630 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 450 31 620 600 590 570 550 530 510 500 480 470 460 450 30 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 450 440 29 610 590 570 560 540 520 500 480 470 460 440 430 28 600 580 570 550 530 510 490 470 460 450 430 420 27 590 580 560 540 520 500 480 470 450 440 430 420 26 580 570 550 540 510 490 480 460 450 440 420 410 25 580 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 400 24 570 550 540 520 500 480 460 450 430 420 410 400 23 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 400 390 22 560 540 520 510 490 470 450 430 420 410 390 380 21 550 530 520 500 480 460 440 420 410 400 380 380 20 540 530 510 490 470 450 430 420 400 390 380 370 19 530 520 500 490 470 440 430 410 400 390 370 360 18 530 510 500 480 460 440 420 400 390 380 360 350 17 520 500 490 470 450 430 410 400 380 370 360 350 16 510 500 480 470 440 420 400 390 380 360 350 340 15 510 490 470 460 440 420 400 380 370 360 340 330 14 500 480 470 450 430 410 390 370 360 350 330 330 13 490 480 460 440 420 400 380 370 350 340 330 320 12 480 470 450 440 410 390 380 360 350 340 320 310 11 480 460 440 430 410 390 370 350 340 330 310 300 10 470 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 300 9 460 450 430 410 390 370 350 340 320 310 300 290 8 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 290 280 7 440 430 410 400 380 350 340 320 310 300 280 270 6 440 420 400 390 370 350 330 310 300 290 270 260 5 430 410 390 380 360 340 320 300 290 280 260 250 4 420 400 380 370 350 330 310 290 280 270 250 240 3 410 390 370 360 340 320 300 280 270 260 240 230 2 390 380 360 350 320 300 290 270 260 250 230 220 1 380 370 350 330 310 290 270 260 240 230 220 210 0 370 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 220 200 200 -1 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 210 200 200 200 -2 340 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200 -3 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200 200 -4 and below 310 300 280 260 240 220 200 200 200 200 200 200 As you can see in the chart above, there are theoretically over ten ways to get a 580 on SAT Writing, with anywhere from a 25-46 multiple-choice raw score and a 0-12 essay score. But is it really realistic to expect to score a 12 on the SAT essay if your multiple-choice raw score is only a 25? Probably not. In 2015, the average SAT Writing score was a 484, and the average SAT essay score was a 7 (data from the CollegeBoard; for more on this, read our upcoming article on average SAT Writing scores). Based on this information (and on an official practice SAT Writing score chart), we've created a table of realistic essay scores you can expect to achieve if you're scoring in a certain range: SAT Writing Score Range Realistic Essay Score 200-340 4 or below 340-440 5 440-540 6 540-640 7 640-740 8 740-800 9 or above So while you can get a 580 on SAT Writing with an essay score from 0-12, you're more likely to do so if you can score a 7 or above on the essay. Step Three: Take a Timed SAT Writing Section and Score It The final step is to see what your multiple choice score is now so that you know how much prep time you'll have to put in. To do this, you'll need to take a timed SAT Writing section and calculate your multiple-choice raw score. The best way to get a realistic idea of what your raw multiple-choice Writing score is would be to take a full-length practice test (because it’ll give you an idea of how tired you get from the other sections and how you deal with switching back and forth). If you don't have the time to do this, just take the Writing sections from an official SAT practice test, adhering to the time limits. How do you calculate your multiple-choice raw Writing score? Use the following equation: Your raw score = (# of questions you got right - # of questions you got wrong x 0.25) For example, if you answered 34 (out of49) questions right, skipped 7, and got 8 questions wrong, your raw score would be: 34 – (8 x .25) = 34 – 2 = 32 With a raw score of 32, you can get anything from a 450 to a 630 on SAT Writing, depending on your essay score. If you stay at the same multiple-choice raw score, you'll need an essay score of 9 or above to make your target Writing score of 580. This is a tough essay score to get for anyone, especially considering the average essay score for 2015 was a 7. As you increase your multiple-choice raw score, the essay score needed to get your target score will drop. To use the example from before, if you're aiming for an SAT Writing score of 580, a realistic essay score would be a 7; according to the SAT Writing score chart above, this means you'll need to increase your raw multiple-choice score to a 37 (a far more manageable goal for most students than raising their essay scores to a 9). Actions To Take Figure out your target SAT Writing score, using the worksheet above. Use an SAT Writing scoring scale to figure out the essay grade you’ll need to shoot for to make your target SAT Writing score. Figure out how you’re doing on the Writing multiple choice questions and how much you need to improve (both on the multiple-choice questions and on the essay) to meet your SAT Writing score goal. What’s Next? Get the inside scoop on what really goes on behind the scenes with our strategies based on interviews with real essay graders. Can you write a high-scoring SAT essay in less than a page? Discover how essay length affects your score in this article. Still confused about how the SAT essay is scored? Try our article that explains the official SAT essay scoring policy and what strategies you should use to take advantage of it. Curious about how well everyone does on the SAT essay? Read our article to find out what’s an average SAT essay score. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this SAT Essay lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get your SAT essays hand-graded by a master instructor who will give you customized feedback on how you can improve. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Nasser Speaks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nasser Speaks - Assignment Example Everything in this piece of work is mixed up as though one was observing a real life development than in a piece of writing such as in a book which one would expect to be more systematic and follow chapters, and subheadings. An example is when the writer talks about family panning, development in agriculture and the exploitation of natural recourses all in one paragraph and in a manner to suggest that they are all related subjects to the point he is trying to make. One can only assume that that is the way of reasoning within his cultural context where everything is thought of a whole and where everything interacts with everything else in one big complicated whole. That having being said the writer presents solutions to developmental challenges, which are present in Egypt, and gives solutions to them. He also proposes a workable solution to the present day issues of governance which he thinks should mix the past (feudalism) and the present, democracy and the tribal (socialism).In fact what he is proposing is a mix of democratic capitalism with a hint of socialist tendencies. In all this, he does not fail to remind his people and their fellow Arab states of their need to unite and develop for the future in order to consolidate their power as a block through allegiance and economic power. The writer sees the world in two views: the world of the Arab and the others. There is also an attempt at reminding the Arab world of their heritage and the need to fight against imperialists. Although they are not expressly mention, one can deduce from the dialogue that it is western nations. This is because of the need to defend the Arab way of life and their tribal creeds, which have only been threatened by western occupation and civilization. This work therefore comes forth as a personal expression of life in Egypt. The definations, solutions and

Service concept Service concept profiling The SERVQUAL model Essay

Service concept Service concept profiling The SERVQUAL model - Essay Example Global economic developments have transformed traditional relationship between the customer’s clients and suppliers. Emergence of new technologies and communication as well as the establishment of open trading global regimes has resulted in wide customer choice, and creation of alternative supply that is more transparent. Business Enterprises should tailor their products to suit the needs of the customers due to the fact that technology has evolved leading to low cost dissemination of information and customer solutions (Lee, Lee and Yoo, 2000, p.218). These transformations have forced business enterprises to carry out evaluation of the value they present to their clients. The new business environment has also emphasized the need to capture the value for provision of services and new products and in the process ensuring that the need of the customers are adequately met. A well developed business model will ensure the growth of the business enterprise and the absence of a busine ss model will result in the failure of the business, and failed innovation. This aspect is clearly evident in the internet market due to the fact that revenue creation is more perplexing due to customer expectations of free services (Lee, Lee and Yoo, 2000, p.228). Service concept is fundamental in business management. Service concept provides an opportunity for both the client and the supplier to identify their expectation as well as what not to expect from a product or a service. Services that are clearly defined provides the customer with a clear understanding of what the service offers with inclusion of what each service does not offer , for example, service limitations, eligibility, how to make a request for a service, cost and how to get assistance. An elaborate service defines internal procedures that are relevant in the provision and support of the service. So as to conceptualize a service, five key questions must be answered. These include questions on service description ( the type of service and where it can be found), questions that deals with self service and help (how to use the service being provided or how to get assistance), questions that touch on pricing and service cost (what is the price of the service), and finally questions that deals with service support and service delivery. The concept of service ensures that there is an overall accountability in the process of ensuring delivery of services is in accordance to the management life cycle and agreed enterprise requirements. Service profiling concept in business provides data and articulates logic and other proves that illustrates how a business delivers and creates value for its clients. It also describes revenue, profit and costs architecture that is associated with the enterprise that delivers the stated value. Factors related to a good service concept design are interrelated and is fundamental to business strategists questions (how does business enterprise create a sustainable competit ive merit and realize supernormal profits). In summary, service profiling concept in business entails creation and delivery of value and the process of converting value payments into profits. So as to realize innovational profits, business entrepreneurs need to ensure excellence in

Communication Sources of Education Essay Example for Free

Communication Sources of Education Essay The objective of education should be to encourage the search for answers, since it is the only way to advance. Within the aim of advancement in knowledge, various facets incorporated within the teaching portfolio ensure the success of professional educators. To achieve success, educators have to lean on certain ideals to enable them better perform their duties as required. One of the main inclinations that would be crucial to the success of an educator would be showing concern about students. Apart from just teaching them, educators must show interest on aspects such as social, physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being (Capuzzi, 2012). Being alert to these facets not only help the educator teach effectively, but also enables the learning process to be smooth for students. In addition, students can better their current knowledge in given subjects, especially with support from their individual educators. Moreover, the practice accords the educators the opportunity to look in to, in an explorative manner, and challenge the existing educational policies. Literature Review A number of learning theories offer information, which can be quite instrumental in understanding the ability of students to learn within a classroom setting. Social cognitive theory by Albert Bandura was developed purposely with the aim of comprehending how students learn (Murphy, 2010). He felt that initial belief of rewards and behaviorism could not provide an understanding of the full process of human comprehension. His feelings were that people could learn through observation of actions of the others in certain situations. It was realized that his beliefs affect the modern classroom. The modern classroom is full of many factors, which affects students learning. The social cognitive learning theory by Bandura states that a student’s personality is modeled by the environment, thought and behavior. Educators should attempt to identify themes that emerge from teaching and make a decision on whether these themes a coherent pattern. Evidently, at the outset, that by way of example than percept, educators impart more (Capuzzi, 2012). Students are extremely perceptive in recognizing when the instructor does not put into practice what he preaches. Both in actions and in words, educators should always teach several values students. These include; importance of preparation, organization, and homework; respect for people’s view; and the value of effective and clear exchange of information both in written and  oral  form. To cater for more than just teaching the students, educators should come up with strategies to incorporate other aspects of life into the class. Students may become defensive if they feel that the teacher is prying on their privacy. In this, an educator should approach this subject with care, otherwise he or she may risk losing the trust altogether. The theme of inclusiveness ensures diversity is taken into account in all teaching. According to (Gould, 2010), educators should attempt to create a positive atmosphere. When students are called upon to answer questions, mistakes should be treated as opportunities in exploring misconceptions, rather than a reflection of the abilities of the students. Educators should create a fair playing field to teach students that, in their current world, there is no easy way out. With a class of almost many students, it is hardly easy to know each student by their names, let alone know about their emotional, physical, or cognitive experiences. To coun ter this, Capuzzi (2012) suggests that educators work with the policy of an openness, where they are available for consultation and assistance at working hours. There exists a gap between students and educators needs to be bridged if the educators are to effectively teach and guide their students. Koshy Koshy (2010) realized that a modified approach that teachers use in teaching from question-answer to answer-question approach provides a bridge between teachers and learners, and fosters self-evaluation and self-efficacy. Self-evaluation and self-efficacy provide the perfect opportunity for the educator to get to know his or her student on a personal note. In this, the educator is now able to evaluate the student’s emotional, physical, and cognitive aspects of life. Bandura, a renowned theorist, attained fame after his social-cognitive learning theory. The theory is based on individual self-efficacy and modeling. Despite having a number of ideas on learning, Bandura chose social cognitive learning theory. Through the process of modeling, students were required to account for diverse forms of learning. It was Bandura’s belief that through modeling, students are capable of making significant gains in self-motivation, action, and thought. Psychologists, until that time, had exclusively focused on learning through the consequences of actions. Bandura demonstrated that through the hazardous and tedious process of trial and error learning could be a short cut through modeling of competencies and knowledge exhibited by a variety of model (Murphy, 2010). Bandura’s belief was that students’ learn through experiences of watching others, which lead to self-efficacy or self-motivation. The theorist is credited for developing the social cognitive learning theory. While applying this theory, educators should guide their students by being role models, and by observing their behavior as Bandura suggest. Murphy (2010) observes that at that point in time, educators are able to mentor, advice and teach their students more effectively. Knowing the students’ is emotional, cognitive, and physical situation can be very instrumental in understanding the problems facing them or better still, the methods one can use as an educator to teach them effectively. The important part of advising, mentoring, and teaching student, is caring. Being attached to students begins by caring for them and what they are to become in the future. They have strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes, wants and needs, hopes and dreams. Educators should be party to these dreams and hopes, since they facilitate the learning process that they have factored into their futures (Zunker Osborn, 2012). What becomes on them and the leap-of-faith on their part should increase i nterest regarding their futures. Conclusion In conclusion, having better and more knowledge of students than just their classroom performance make educators better mentors, better teachers, and better persons. Educators should share reality with students to ensure they feel they are relating to a genuine person, who is willing expose his/her values, feelings, and distinctive perception about the world and the society. It is imperative to increase skills and knowledge in the application of instructional techniques to teaching philosophy by aiming at professional development in the subject matter. Additionally, educators should enhance their knowledge on how problem-solving strategies are related to student assessment. They should voluntarily sit in on their school training meetings to compare results with those of other educators. Educators should target increasing the abilities of students in all aspects of life, since it is an important part of the national, local, and state dialogue on educational achievement. References Capuzzi, D. (2012). Career counseling foundations, perspectives, and applications (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Gould, J. (2010). Learning Theory and Classroom Practice in the Lifelong Learning Sector. Exeter: Learning Matters. Koshy, V., Koshy, V. (2010). Action research for improving educational practice: A step-by-step guide (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE. Murphy, M. (2010). Habermas, critical theory and education. New York: Routledge. Zunker, V., Osborn, D. (2012). Using assessment results for career development: Career counseling: A holistic approach (8th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Source document

The Management Of Tourism Distribution Channel

The Management Of Tourism Distribution Channel After the tourism organization have decided in selecting the distribution channel, the tourism organization such as hotel must implement and manage the distribution that being choose in order to gain revenue. Therefore in distribution channel management it includes selecting and motivating individual channel members and also evaluated their performance. For the hotel to generate higher revenue, they must work together with the intermediaries such as tour operator and travel agencies in term of sharing the information of the product. In order to effectively evaluate the effectiveness of involving only retail travel agencies instead of a combination of travel agencies and tour operators, one must first examine what represent a tour operator and a travel agency. Therefore Hilton Hotel selected certain tour operator and travel agencies to selling their room based on their brand position their ability to reach the customer such as Ping Anchorage Travel Tours to promoting and selling the room for Hilton Hotel. The Ping Anchorage is establish in 1990 and was the Malaysia professional tour operator that promote the nature, people, culture and heritage of Malaysia. Till now the organization has been operate 21 years in the tourism industry as the tour operator. The offices located in four different countries which are Kuala Terengganu, Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Kota Bharu. The organizations have modern mini coaches, tour coaches and speedboats services to give convenience to the consumer to travel to the destination. These are to ensure providing the better services and ensure a great holiday to the consumer. The organization was recommended by the international travel guidebook such as Lonely Planet, Rough Guide, Stefan Loose, Insight Guide, Japan Gio Glode Trotter, Thomas Cook. In addition the organization cooperated with all the hotels, resorts, and local operators. The organizations have recognized as the Malaysia best tour operator that win the Prestigious Malaysia Tourism Award in 2000 u ntil 2009 such as Malaysia Best Tour Innovative 2009, The Best Domestic Tour Operator 2003, Malaysia Best Tour Program of Adventure Nature 2006, Malaysia Best Tour Program of Special Interest/Merit 2006 and The Best Inbound Tour Operator 2004. Hilton Hotel choosing Ping Anchorage based on the organization reputation because the organization is familiar with the local market conditions and culture customs. This will give advantages to the Hilton Hotel to create a customer relationship and brand trust in the mind of the consumer. Therefore it will make Hilton Hotel to concentrate on the quality services. With the reputation and image of the Ping Anchorage it can help to promote and selling the room of the Hilton Hotel toward consumer. The services and product the organization provided were the hotel online reservation, online transaction, comment through online and information of the tourism product such as accommodations, transportation and entertainment. Therefore with the services provided by the Ping Anchorage the consumer can check the room rate of the Hilton Hotel by browser through the organization web site. In order to make sure the Ping Anchorage keeps selling and promotes the Hilton Hotel, the hotel continually motivate it member to perform their roles. There are incentive that commonly used by Hilton Hotel to motivated their intermediaries such as Ping Anchorage such as commission which Hilton will pay up to 10 percent commission toward Ping Anchorage on all general public and other commissionable rates for selling the room. Other than that the Hilton Hotel also provided Ping Anchorage with the reduces-prices holidays. It is for the organization to stay at the hotel itself and give them an information and knowledge of the product and services that the hotel sell to the consumer. In addition it will help the Ping Anchorage to create the package that suitable for the hotel. Hilton Hotel also has giving approval right to the Ping Anchorage to use the hotel information in term of hotel history, facilities and services to promote in their website. In return it can promote the hotel to the consumer. Furthermore act of beyond Ping Anchorage authority is strictly prohibited for the organization to use. Mkumbo J. P. (2010) stated that distribution channel performance is evaluated using mainly two criteria which were the business volume the distribution member and the profit margin made by the distribution member of distribution channel. Hilton Hotel evaluates the Ping Anchorage through the promotion that the organizations generate to increase the sales of the hotel booking. In addition Hilton Hotel evaluates Ping Anchorage performance as the intermediaries are basically with the award that the organization gets throughout the year. With the achievement of the organization it creates the brand trust for the Hilton Hotel to colorations with Ping Anchorage. Meanwhile Hotel Hilton also has their own website in order to consumer to booking the room. These for the consumer to deal directly to the Hilton Hotel without interfere with travel agencies and tour operator. Therefore internet has changed channel relationships between some types of customers, principals and intermediaries, and this process is continuing to evolve. Internet is cutting into the traditional intermediariesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ business. Using ICT Hilton Hotel can develop and tighten supply chain relationships which reduce costs and bring higher quality travel products to the consumer. Other than that Hotel Hilton also can employ various price policies and loyalty programs that yield a higher price transparency and more user-friendly interfaces. With the evolving the reservation through the internet reservation system (IRS) it will help Hilton Hotel to increase their percentage of people booking the room via internet. Using the IRS the Hilton Hotel can replacing the weaker member which is tour operator and travel agencies that can harm the effectiveness of the distribution system. By using the Hilton Hotel website perhaps it gives customer the opportunity to provided feedback regarding services quality of Hilton Hotel. Pearce G.D. (2009) evaluate that consideration of the strategy in evaluates and analysis can assist distribution member in term old deciding the best distribution channel for their organization. hence it help to determine and assist the distribution member about which channels might be expanded, reduced, added, abandoned, or improved. Identify the relationship between the member of tourism distribution channel such as travel retailers and operator, accommodation, airlines, and national tourist organization in the marketing of tourist destination (local or broad). In the distribution channel there are relationship arise between members of distribution channel such as travel retailers and operator, accommodation, airlines, and national tourist organization in the marketing of tourist destination. In this study, the authors examine the ways to increasing their effectiveness in marketing market Pan-Amazon ecotourism destinations based on the roles and function of travel agencies and tour operator because travel agencies and tour operators have a role in the marketing tours package between supplier, tourism destination and consumer. Tour operator is normally can be define as creating inclusive holidays which are combining the travel, accommodation, food, beverage, activities, entertainment and sightseeing. In addition some tour operators are specializing in certain particular product or destination. In tourism industry tour operator is focusing on huge volume of sales, offering attractive tour package and creating all-inclusive prices to generate high sales with low cost margins. Other than that travel agency is a business that sells a wide range of tourism related products and services to end-user customers on behalf of third party travel suppliers. Travel agencies are without their own product, and modify the packages offered by producers to the needs of the consumer. There were arguing that arise saying that they are independent agencies. They retail to consumers on an individual basis. Thus, they are considered intermediaries in the hospitality distribution channel and are responsible for bringing customers to a product. Meanwhile the author stated that ecotourism destination can be defined as sustaining and conservation of natural environment and culture heritage. This study investigates the function of Uakari Lodge in tourism distribution channels websites in order to measure how it ranks in these distribution channels, as well as to identify key competitors to Mamiraua In this study it indicated that among the intermediaries such as travel agencies and tour operator that selling and promoting the ecotourism in Brazil, Mamiraua was the destination that have a higher rating in the ecotourism destination that visited by the tourist. This is due to the destination is basically international agencies and operators recognize as the profitable destination. Whereby Mamiraua demonstrates a good market image against other competitors such Peru and Ecuador in term of ecotourism destination. In addition in term of price competitive advantages also Mamiraua destination were enable for the travel agencies and tour operators to create and providing the tour package which tourist can visited the mountain, sea, jungle destination and used facilities at the lower prices compare to other destination. Throughout the study it indicated that tourist went through travel agencies and tour operator was slightly higher rather than tourist that travel through backpackers or travel alone. This because by refereeing through the data in year 2009 about 56 percent of tourist travel through agencies but only 11 percent travel through backpackers because of the lack of knowledge about the ecotourism destination. Therefore it can be stated that with regard to the efforts to attract the traveler, the behavior of the distribution channels has been more passive rather that active to marketing the Mamiraua as ecotourism destination. Whereby traveler looks for travel agencies and tour operator compare by searching through the internet to get the information about Mamiraua. With the finding, it giving the information for the Uakari Lodge which is the only place for accommodation to identify the behavior of the traveler and investigated the need for more advance web-based marketing and sales strategy in order to traveler to identify that Mamirau as ecotourism destination and stay at the Uakari Lodge. In this study also it indicated that the increased participation of travel agiencies and tour operator was not just due to the increased number of traveler that went to Mamiraua, but also increased the total number of travel agencies and tour operator that came to marketing the Mamiraua as ecotourism destination. This increase in the number of tourism distribution channels indicates a good positioning of Mamiraua in the ecotourism destination. Although there are increasing of participation of the travel agencies and tour operator, some issues occur whereby only 11 travel agencies and tour operator are sending the traveler to Ukari Lodge to stay overnight. Because working with a large number of travel agencies and tour operators limit the capabilities of the Ukari Lodge to establish closer ties with all the travel agencies and tour operator in the distribution channel. Therefore it is important for the customer to understand the relationship between the destination marker and the travel agencies and tour operator so that the Uakari Lodge is sold toward traveler in line of marketing Mamiraua ecotourism destination. Furthermore it is important to monitor the level of visitor satisfaction in order improving the strategic of increasing the number of distribution channel that can related to marketing the Mamiraua as ecotourism destination. Therefore the emerging of the internet can reacts as the alternative intermediaries. By using the internet it enables direct communication between the tourism supplier and the consumer. Therefore it can be as a medium to reduce the conflict that arises. Therefore internet can changed the distribution channel relationships between some types of customers, principals and intermediaries. For the tourism supplier by using the internet it can be as method to reduce the distribution cost of deliver the product and services toward the consumer. Before emerging the ICT as the alternative intermediaries, tourism supplier are burden by the high cost of intermediariesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ commission and the cost of GDS that being charge to the tourism supplier. However, using the Internet for marketing applications is not without costs. There can be significant hardware, software and human resource costs attached to developing and operating a direct to- customer distribution strategy. The process of cutting out the intermediary is called disintermediation, and accommodation providers clearly favor this approach. However, the role of the intermediary is well established the major tour operators and travel agents organize travel and accommodation for millions of tourists every year. Intermediaries are obviously aware of the threat posed by the Internet, but they also embrace the Internet as a tool for communicating with their own customers. Kazandzhieva (2010) noted there are advantages and disadvantage of ICT in the distribution channel. For the disadvantages of using the internet as a trade the author have stated several disadvantages which is lower security services level. The consumer fell afraid to giving their profile and credit card number to the travel agencies to make the transaction. Other than that the services that provided by the agencies are intangible product and the consumer rely on the services and information that provided through the internet. The consumer also always misunderstood with the low price that promote through internet. For Example the consumer Air Asia buying and booking the airlines ticket via internet. Meanwhile consumer is lack of protection against unconscientiously actions because every country there is different in national legislation. In addition most of the consumer prefer to shop and purchasing the product via intermediaries that are well establish and recognized on the market. T his because consumer already know the services and the quality that provided by the establish travel agencies. About the advantages using the internet toward the travel agencies stated by the researcher were the using the electronic commerce it can help to optimizing the travel agencies activities by creating different approaches to electronic purchase and sale to giving the consumer convenience to purchasing the tourism product. By using the internet the tour operator can promote their product and price through the internet. Therefore it makes the consumer known about the new package that being created by the travel agencies. In addition using the internet it can direct the intermediaries such as travel agencies toward modern operation, type of tourism, and destination when the necessity of the consulting and information services. Introduction Tourism industry is very competitive businesses which generate increase of demand and supply in tourism product. Many individual, enterprise and government indentify the opportunity of tourism to generate income. As the result of many tourism suppliers in the market it creates a competition among them. Therefore tourism supplier needs to take an effective and efficient strategic approach to distribute their product and services in order to survive in tourism industry. The distribution channel can be defined as the entire of cooperating organization that helps to ensure the consumer can use a product. Jafari (0000) define as linkages between actual and potential tourist and the supplier by using the distribution channel system. The system maybe categorize either direct system which is from producer to the seller which is consumer can by directly airlines ticket through the counter or indirect from consumer through an intermediaries which by using travel agenciesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ or wholesalers to purchase the holiday package. Therefore tourism services supplier can choose either this two distribution system to selling their product to the consumer. Therefore the distribution channel concept is easily to understand but in the real world it was extremely complicated for the large organization. The function of distribution is to assist the consumer to search for the information regarding the product and to make purchasing of the product simple. Meanwhile in distribution channel travel agents, tour wholesalers, and specialist act as the intermediaries. For example travel agent and tour operator serve the consumer to choose the travel product such as accommodation, transportation, restaurant and entertainment. By providing the serve, they basically get the revenue by charging the commission from the booking of the hotel. For example accommodation like hotel companies need distribution channel to reach their entire potential consumer in order to fill their room reservation. In distribution channel the relationship between distribution members is complex, especially for the organization likes hotel that depending to the travel agencies and tour operator to generate their sales. Hence the information communication technology (ICT) takes part as important roles in distribution system because ICT is a medium that will evolve the distribution channel in term of development of computerized system. But the theories of distribution are the same despite it using the ICT as intermediaries. The evolution of ICT and electronic commerce continue to improve in distribution channel of hospitality and tourism industry. It depends on the size of the business and market segmentation. Meanwhile accommodation such as hotel needs to use intermediaries to obtain advance booking to generate occupancy. But with the high cost of distribution force the distribution member to look for alternatives such as develop their own website to marketing their product and services. Therefore it will make the distribution member not depending on the intermediaries. With emerging of the ICT such as internet it has become an important toll in the distribution channel and help hotels to reduce their distribution cost. Nevertheless the roles of travel agencies and tour operator as the intermediaries are remain important for the distribution members to generate sales and promote their product. Conclusion As conclusion the tourism distribution channel is an operating structure, system or link of various combination of travel organization. These travel organizations create a travel package and make arrangement for the consumer. It has two purposes to make sure their consumer obtains information they need in choosing a trip and to make the necessary reservation after they made a choice. Tourism distribution channel can be categories in two type of channel which is direct and indirect. There are three types of travel intermediaries which are travel agents, tour operator and specialty intermediaries. The roles of travel agencies are to organize tour package which sold to consumer through retail agents. It is not directly sells to the consumer. There are the three distribution channel are product supplier to consumer channel, product to supplier to travel agent to consumer channel and the product supplier to tour operator. Meanwhile the distribution system is an important component of the marketing mix. The chosen system of distribution will affect the parts of the marketing mix such as the product, the promotion strategy and the pricing policy. In distribution channel management it includes selecting and motivating individual channel members and also evaluated their performance. The Ping Anchorage is tour operators which have establish 21 years in the industries. It located in four different countries which are Kuala Terengganu, Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Kota Bharu. In order to make sure the travel agent continues to generate sales for the hotel Hilton, the hotel giving 10 percent commission to the Ping Anchorage. Beside that Hilton Hotel evaluate Ping Anchorage the promotion that the organizations generate to increase the sales of the hotel booking. Hotel Hilton also has their own website in order to consumer to booking the room. Using ICT Hilton Hotel can develop and tighten supply chain relationship s which reduce costs and bring higher quality travel products to the consumer. Therefore the internet reservation system (IRS) it will help Hilton Hotel to increase their percentage of people booking the room via internet Throughout marketing the Pan-Amazon ecotourism destinations is basically based on the roles and function of travel agencies and tour operator. It related to the relationship between the members of tourism distribution channel in the marketing of tourist destination. Recommendation Buhalis (2000) acknowledge that the distribution member should keep the record of different channel which being use for the purpose of evaluating and measuring channel performance since distribution decisions are critical for tourism industry because its influence the entire marketing mix because it reduces the cost and increasing the revenue toward the distribution member such as hotel. In addition tourism distribution channels difference according to product, industry structure and countries. Therefore with the consideration it can make a huge difference in the hotel competitive advantages. Fu and Zhang (2010) noted in order to determine the effective and efficient of the distribution channel that used by the distribution member they should implement the distributors star rating system. Under this strategic approach the tourism organization can recognize which tour operator or travel agencies that perform well in generating sales and promoting the distribution member. With this the distribution member can rely only on the intermediaries that achieve the higher star rating. The authors also acknowledged that in order ensuring the relationship between distribution member and the intermediaries, the distribution member should pay regular visits to the intermediaries such as travel agencies and tour operator in order to strengthen the bond giving the support between them. Therefore it ensure that the distribution member realize the issues that occur and can give consultation when dealing the encounter the problem rather than ignore their intermediaries. Distribution member like hotel should implement the variety of promotions using the ICT to across the border of country because many consumers get the information about accommodation via internet. Social media sites are growing fast and being used to distribute the tourism product and services. In addition the most popular sites that addressing attention of consumer audiences are Facebook and Twitter. The distribution member should make used of the twitter to post special offer, information, suggestion, links and advices to the consumer. With this strategy it can increase the selling the product of the distribution member and delivery the information to the consumer. With the emerging of the mobile technology it can play important role in distribution channel for tourism and travel industry. This is because many corporate travelers are likely to be carrying their mobile which is Smartphone that will enable them to gaining access information regarding visitor attractions, restaurant, transportation and accommodations. Therefore with existing of the mobile technology it allowed hotel to create mobile specifies sites with booking capabilities which create a new channel to distribution the product and services.

Building a Strategic Balanced Scorecard

The balanced scorecard has been said to be among the most important tools in business management (Kaplan, R. S (2003), PR Newswire (2003). The usage of balanced scorecard by several companies has led to increase in profitability, productivity and efficiency. The strategic balanced scorecard has been used by organizations to balance all aspects of organizational practice by providing a framework for effecting change and translating strategy into action.It has for sometime gained acceptance as a way of turning around businesses which were at one time in the brink of collapse (Kerr, D.  L. 2003). The scorecard has facilitated the translation of strategy into action (Kaplan, R. S. , and D. P. Norton 1992). In corporate organizations, is the case with Saatchi and Saatchi, the scorecard has helped many companies out of crisis. In the nineties this organization called Saatchi and Saatchi was experiencing many problems associated with poor growth.This was due to a recession that followed t he rapid growth through acquisitions in the 1970’s and 80’s. Particularly in 1995 this organization was almost collapsing due to bankruptcy.To avert the collapse the agency started with strategy reformulation and making some structural changes that began with bringing onboard new personnel at the top to the organization. Bob Seelert who formerly worked at General Foods was appointed as the new chairman and Kevin Roberts as the new chief Executive, while both the Saatchi brothers left the company. With the new leadership in place several financial goals were developed. These goals were: i. Growing the company’s revenue base better than the market. ii.Converting 30 percent of that incremental revenue to operating profit. iii. Doubling the company’s earnings per share. These goals were given as a promise of performance to the shareholders and thus had to be achieved. To achieve them, the leadership of the organization identified ways in which the goals could be achieved and in doing this it was found that all units or locations had different visions. For smooth accomplishment of the goals, all units had to have a common vision. A management tool had to be devised to help communicate and operationalize the new vision.Having a common vision was perceived to aid in achieving of one of the main objectives which was to position the agency at the top rank of the advertising industry. ANALYSIS The importance of measuring strategy and operational plans cannot be overemphasized (Green et al. 2002). After setting up financial/growth goals the company’s senior team focused and had to re-prioritize their investment plans for the different units. First the units had to be categorized according to their size in terms of the number of employees and also revenue contribution. Using the above criteria three categories were created.These were the ‘lead’, ‘drive’ and ‘prosper’. For each category different str ategies were formulated. The ‘prosper’ agency is the one with less than 50 employees and is less likely to become a huge agency. Most agencies fall into the ‘prosper’ category. The new strategic focus for this category was that units in it were expected to achieve high margins despite their failure to grow significantly. The other category is the ‘drive’ agency which is estimated to have between 50 and 150 employees. The strategy adopted for it was that it had to maintain or slightly grow its revenue base, not leaving out growth in margins.The ‘lead’ agency is the one in which majority units are located and is the largest with examples being the UK, New York and China. This agency was expected to post rapid growth and also is the one where the biggest share of investment would be allocated. Apart from strategies directed to the different agency categories, Saatchi and Saatchi adopted other strategies relating to a customer perspect ive. One was paying close attention to the agency’s core client base. This strategy calls for treating the customers well in order for them to love the company i. e.to infatuate them. For this Saatchi and Saatchi came up with what they called are having ‘permanently infatuated clients’ or PIC for short. The other strategy which was encouraging employees to come up with big ideas which were referred to as ‘big fabulous ideas’ or BFIs. The BFIs were supposed to be quality ideas that could change businesses, brands and reputations to Saatchi and Saatchi’s clients. CONCLUSION The strategy for the ‘prosper’ agency of achieving high margins was possible through treating the few customers excellently i. e. making them infatuated.Also the employees in this agency were given opportunity to give quality ideas which were supported by financing from the top management. The ‘drive’ agency charged with responsibility of maintaining or slightly growing their revenue base and growing their margins also achieved their goals through being supported financially by the top management. The agency given the ‘lead’ status which comprised the largest revenue base, such as the UK, New York and China received the lion’s share of investment. As a result this category grew rapidly with the scorecard as the way through which strategy was translated into action within Saatchi and Saatchi.Key success was achieved through the absolute commitment of the most senior management that gave the required resources. EVALUATION For the case of Saatchi and Saatchi Company a set of two strategies were meshed together. These were the financial and customer perspective strategies which worked together reinforcing one another. The reasons which support this position are that in the goal of generating more revenue, more attention was paid to the clients who gave large earnings. On the other hand the goal pf converting 30 percent of the incremental revenue to operating profit was meant to finance changes in the organization.This was through encouraging employees to come up with quality ideas, by giving them incentives and rewards for quality ideas. Finally, the financial goal of doubling earnings per share was achieved through implementation of PICS’ (permanently infatuated clients) hence increasing growth and achieving high margins from clients who love and stick to the company. Also the financial goal of encouraging development of big ideas which could transform business, brands reputation of the company’s clients, was related to the customer perspective strategy. Reference:Business Intelligence: Building a Strategic Scorecard. Saatchi and Saatchi Complimentary Case Study. Available at http://www. business-intelligence. co. uk/PDFdownloads/strat_bsc/Saatchisr. pdf. Accessed on 20. 05. 07. Green, M. , J. Garrity, A. Gumbus, and B. Lyons (2002). â€Å"Pitney Bowes Calls For New Metrics : The Company Used a Balanced Scorecard to Manage Performance and Increase the Bottom Line,† Strategic finance. Kaplan, R. S. , and D. P. Norton (1992). â€Å"The Balanced Scorecard: Measures That Drive Performance,† Harvard Business Review 70(1), 71-79.Kaplan, R. S. , D. P. Norton, and M. Witzel (2003). â€Å"Great Believers in Balance: Guru Guide Robert Kaplan and David Norton,† The Financial Times, August, 11. Kerr, D. L. (2003). â€Å"Accountability By Numbers: How the Lone Star State's Auditor Introduced a Balanced Scorecard Management System,† Journal of Accountancy 195(6), 61-70. PR Newswire. (2003). â€Å"Got Leverage? September-October Issue of Harvard's Balanced Scorecard Report Explores Strategic Lock-In, Strategic IT Agility and the Balanced Scorecard,† PR Newswire, September 16, 1.

Moral Consequences

At this late date, virtually every American knows the most widely broadcast fallout from the Enron scandal- the collapse of a mega-corporation, jail sentences for many of key players in the scandal, and the realization that no company is invincible, especially given the fact that its very caretakers were in fact its killers.   Beyond this, however, there are moral consequences for American society overall, knowing now that highly paid executives stole the retirement futures of those who worked so hard to build up the company of Enron. Because of Enron, we now are faced with the fact that this was not just a business issue, but a human one as well.   Of course, financial ruin is horrible, but money can be replaced.   What cannot be replaced in many cases are the shattered lives that became that way when Enron fell apart.   For example, churches in the Houston, Texas area- the headquarters of Enron- were flooded with the â€Å"ordinary people† who worked at Enron, and who were then without jobs and their life savings.   For these people, many felt that the only answer to their problems was to end it all with suicide, and with nowhere else to turn, went to the churches for support (The Christian Century, 2002). On a higher level, American society has to face the fact that when money and power are involved, even those whom we think we can trust cannot totally be trusted.   Morally, America has fallen into a dark area where those who can steal from others for some short-term gain will usually do so. In closing, the moral consequence for America, in light of Enron, is a further loss of innocence. Bibliography Houston Church Deals with Layoffs at Enron. (2002, January 30). The Christian Century, 119, 15.

Transitional Fossils - Evolution Definition

Transitional Fossils - Evolution Definition Since Charles Darwin first came up with the Theory of Evolution and his idea of natural selection, evolution has been a controversial subject for many people. While supporters of the Theory point to the seemingly unending mountain of evidence for evolution, critics still deny that evolution is truly a fact. One of the most common arguments against evolution is that there are many gaps or missing links within the fossil record. These missing links would be what scientists consider to be transitional fossils. Transitional fossils are remnants of an organism that came in between a known version of a species and the current species. Allegedly, transitional fossils would be evidence for evolution because it would show intermediate forms of a species and they changed and accumulated adaptations at a slow pace. Unfortunately, since the fossil record is incomplete, there are many missing transitional fossils that could silence the critics of evolution. Without this evidence, opponents of the Theory claim that these transitional forms must not have existed and that means evolution is not correct. However, there are other ways to explain the absence of some of the transitional fossils. One explanation is found in the way fossils are made. It is very rare that a dead organism becomes a fossil. First, the organism has to die in the right area. This area must have some sort of water with sediments like mud or clay, or the organism must be preserved in tar, amber, or ice. Then even if it is in the right location, it is not guaranteed it will become fossilized. Intense heat and pressure over very long periods of time is needed to encase the organism within a sedimentary rock that will eventually become the fossil. Also, only hard parts of the body like bones and teeth are conducive to surviving this process to become a fossil. Even if a fossil of a transitional organism did happen to be made, that fossil may not survive geological changes on Earth over time. Rocks are constantly being broken, melted, and changed into different types of rocks in the rock cycle. This includes any sedimentary rocks that may have had fossils in them at one time. Also, layers of rock are laid down over top of one another. The Law of Superposition asserts that the older layers of rock are on the bottom of the pile, while the newer or younger layers of sedimentary rock that are laid down by external forces like wind and rain are closer to the top. Considering some of the transitional fossils that have yet to be found are millions of years old, it could be that they just have yet to be found. The transitional fossils could be out there still, but scientists just have not dug down deep enough to get to them. These transitional fossils may also be found in an area that has not yet been explored and excavated. There is still a possibility that someone will yet discover these missing links as more of the Earth gets explored by paleontologists and archaeologists in the field. Another possible explanation for a lack of transitional fossils would be one of the hypotheses as to how fast evolution happens. While Darwin asserted these adaptations and mutations happened and built up slowly in a process called gradualism, other scientists believe in the idea large changes that happened all at once suddenly, or punctuated equilibrium. If the correct pattern of evolution is punctuated equilibrium, then there would be no transitional organisms to leave transitional fossils. Therefore, the fabled missing link would not exist and this argument against evolution would no longer be valid.

Different Approaches To Psychology And Christianity Theology Religion Essays

Different Approaches To Psychology And Christianity Theology Religion Essays Different Approaches To Psychology And Christianity Theology Religion Essay Different Approaches To Psychology And Christianity Theology Religion Essay Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, written by David N. Entwistle, is a thorough scrutiny sing the integrating of psychological science and divinity, in which both effort to understand human nature. Integration is described as a thing that we discover when we are bring outing the cardinal integrity that God created, every bit good as something we do as we create ways of believing about, uniting, and using psychological and theological truths ( Entwistle, 2004, p. 19 ) . An person s worldview is one s life position, which filters their world. Both the psychologist and the theologian bring their worldviews and presuppositions into their separate methodological analysiss and ends. The writer s theocentric theoretical account unites divinity and psychological science, as both have similar constructs that derive from God s created universe. In order to achieve a holistic position of human nature, both are necessary ( Entwistle, 2004 ) . Before psychological science was classified as a scientific discipline, it had deep roots in doctrine and faith, though it was non successful in covering with serious psychological upsets ( Entwistle, 2004, p. 44 ) . During this clip the church leaders were deemed the religious doctors, caring for the psyches of work forces. ( Entwistle, 2004, pp. 44-45 ) . The church leaders were involuntarily pushed into the back shadows with the rise of psychological science, when wonder began to ship upon the unconscious of adult male, traveling psychological science from analyzing the centripetal systems of adult male to analyzing the mental procedures of adult male ( Entwistle, 2004, p. 49 ) . Integration demands to acknowledge and spot the integrity of all truth , that is that all truth is God s truth, wherever it may be found. A comprehensive integrating will affect, harmonizing to the Alliess paradigm, a holistic position on how human existences unrecorded, learn, believe, experience, believe, and associate to each other and to god ( Etwistle, 2004, p. 239 ) . The book of God s word ( Bible ) and the book of God s plants ( creative activity ) neer struggle, but the readings of adult male may be inconsistent at times ( Entwistle, 2004, p. 262 ) . Human nature is complex and multifaceted. Psychology and divinity must be integrated because human existences are integrated in themselves. It is erroneous to construct truth upon merely a few strands of the whole tapestry, lest we lose sight of the full being. Integration must dwell of the faith reading of both books, analyzing with careful exegesis and hermeneutics, and re-evaluating psychological logical thinking, informations and theories. We must larn to be comfy with the fact that there will be some degree of uncertainness and ambiguity we will ever hold to populate with ( Entwistle, 2004, pp. 273-274 ) . Concrete Response My hubby and I were pastoral leaders in a church where anything outside of the church was non considered ministry. We were told that God wanted us to work in full clip ministry, which meant working full clip with no steady wage. I did nt hold any formal preparation in the bible nor in guidance, yet I preached and counseled. Everything was by religion, with the false belief that all cognition and mending entirely comes through the Spirit of the Lord. All of the instruction and advocate given stemmed from the leader s injuries and experiences. This was of no benefit to the parishioners, particularly to those who had echt mental wellness issues. My hubby and I finally moved off to another province. Whenever I tried to give advocate, I found that spiritual people either felt they did non necessitate it, or believed I was someway non religious plenty. I besides found that nonreligious people tended to be disinterested in hearing anything about God. Every clip I opened my oral cavity, I seemed to happen my pes in it. Five old ages after we left that church I enrolled in Liberty University to go on my instruction in psychological science, still deeply fighting with my anti-psychology beliefs. I eventually take to travel into professional guidance. I desired to be equipped and effectual in reding. Over the old ages I have come to cognize Christians who have had existent psychological issues, but they merely sought out Christian advocate. Most still have those issues today, still concealing behind faith. Contemplation With the integrating of divinity and psychological science, are we trying to make a separate Christian psychological science? If so, would this Christian psychological science be less effectual for those who are non Christians, or do we necessitate transition before they are able to partake of God s wisdom? If so, are we keep backing the really grace and graciousness of God, burying that fact that His Sun rises on the immorality every bit good as the good ( Mat. 5:45 ) . I besides wonder if integrating is realistically possible with all the assorted positions underneath the umbrella of Christian divinity. Christianity has legion opposing theories and decisions, similar to secular psychological science. I do nt believe full integrating will of all time be possible, but I am confident that Spirit filled Christians have the power and ability to spot and move in such a manner to work towards the healing and integrity of each client. Entwistle was really constructive in saying the importance and possibility of integrating ( in which I disagree ) . He outlined assorted historical every bit good as modern-day point of views refering integrating, giving his sentiment on which 1s promote a holistic position. He besides suggested several utile methods of integrating. Although Entwistle acknowledged the metaphysical work of the Holy Spirit in integrating, I was disappointed that he did nt do this a important subject. I find it is of import to incorporate, yet believe that full integrating may be impossible. I would hold besides liked to hold read more about the booby traps of being unequipped in ministry when covering with mental wellness issues. Action Given that each human being is complex, guidance can be debatable. A holistic attack is the lone manner one can tap into the interior elaboratenesss of adult male. I would plead with every Christian counsellor to continuously analyze their Black Marias. Due to the nature of our society and civilization today, I would propose they carefully consider every facet of their client ( organic structure, psyche and spirit ) . If non, they may make more injury than good. I am determined to work out my prejudices, every bit good as my opposition to alter from anti-psychological thought. I will go on to endeavor to garner all truth, which is God s truth, from every relevant subject. My chief end as a counsellor is to be equipped and ready to draw out the most effectual intervention from my grim inner-integration. I believe every effectual Christian counsellor must be filled with the cognition of God s will in all wisdom every bit good as religious apprehension ( Col 1:9-17 ) , so to convey forth direction with ardor and comprehensiveness from his or her interior depot. This will guarantee the conveyance of both fresh wisdom and ancient wisdom ( Mat 13:52 KJV ; Wordstrudy ) . For one without the other stands deficient.

Strength of Material Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strength of Material - Essay Example Stress can be defined as the force acting on a given area. This is mathematically represented as Robert hook investigated the behavior of material under tensile force and found out that the extension on materials was proportional to the applied load. This is called the hooks law. Hooks law apply up to the elastic limit. Continued application of load beyond the elastic limit results to the material becoming plastic, That is, its elongation is not proportional to the applied load and does not regain its original shape once the force is removed. The concept of stress was introduced by Cauchy in 1822; Cauchy found out that a body was subjected to surface and internal forces. These caused the deformation on the body. When stress is uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of a body, it can be calculated using the formula (1), however, the stress is not uniformly distributed. Cauchy calculated the state of stress at a given point and found it to be given by the second order tensor given below. Another version of the Mohr stress circle is using the polar approach method. The Mohr stress circle can also be used for the determination of stress in the three dimensional plane. A special Mohr circle is drawn to calculate the nominal and shear stress in the three dimensional plane. ... Are the normal stresses. Where: Are the shear stresses Stress can also be calculated using the Mohr stress circle; this is the graphical representation of the stress. The diagrammatic representation of the Mohr stress circle is as shown below Fig 1 showing the Mohr stress circle Another version of the Mohr stress circle is using the polar approach method. The Mohr stress circle can also be used for the determination of stress in the three dimensional plane. A special Mohr circle is drawn to calculate the nominal and shear stress in the three dimensional plane. Other methods used in the determination of stress include the Biot stress tensor and the Kirchhoff stress tensor (Dieter, 1989). In general the determination of stress using the graphical methods was laborious and complex, one required a lot of skills to draw these circles and determine the normal and shear stress. The method had many mathematical errors. These methods have largely been replaced by computerized material strength analysis (Marsden & Hughes1994). Current methods for the evaluation of stress include the use of software's. Software's such as AutoCAD and solid works enable engineers to have a detailed analysis of the behavior of the designed product under loading. This helps in developing products that don't fail easily. Another program that is widely used is the Finite element analysis program. It enables the graphical representation of a designed engineering component under load. References Dieter, G. (1989). Mechanical Metallurgy. New York: McGraw-Hill. Ferdinand, P. (1992). Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional Marsden, J. & Hughes, T. (1994). Mathematical Foundations of Elasticity. New York: Dover

Things about me that might surprise people Essay

Things about me that might surprise people - Essay Example Going out with my friends is indeed a pleasure for me so that I try my best to join them in every activity they invite me in. I love shopping with my friends, going to the mall, checking the latest fashion there is in store for us. I also love to watch movies with them which we practically do almost every time we meet. This gives us much time to know each other more as we talk about our favorite movies, actors and other things we enjoy. Spending much time with my friends allowed me to discover that we have so much in common, our likes and dislikes as well as people we would like to meet. People usually see me as outgoing and indefatigable because of this so, I guess they would be surprised to know that I am the extreme opposite of what they see in me. I usually easily get tired so that I sleep a lot to get my energy back. Whenever I get the chance to take a little rest, even a ten minute nap would be much appreciated and often times welcomed. I believe that people are a treasure that I need to keep so I consider myself sentimental in many ways. I value time spent with friends, I keep their gifts in a rather special place which I call my treasure box. In a world where friends come and go, life is fast-paced and yesterday usually seems to be a thing to be forgotten once you are in a day called today, I guess people will be surprised to find a person like me, still exists. I am basically a simple person whose sentiments are more on things that are considered back numbered.